Expository essay topics college
Friday, August 28, 2020
Article Critique Online Periodic Table
Question: Examine about theArticle Critiquefor Online Periodic Table. Answer: Presentation In the article, Online Periodic Table: A Cautionary Note, Izci, Barrow, and Thornhill (2013) have strived to assess the viability, precision, and pertinence of online intermittent table sources, and the reason has been to assess the nature of data gave by the connections through the correlation/differentiate strategy. Be that as it may, the basic section is imbued with some particular defects. Above all else, ignoring the need of appropriate consolidation of some particular logical components, the creators have begun the entry with glaring judgment. The creators, alluding to Lerman, have expressed that One of the fundamental issues science educators have is ignoring fluctuating learning procedures that would assist with addressing the requirements of assorted understudies (Izci, Barrow Thornhill, 2013). Without first assuaging to the feelings or soundness of the perusers, and without thinking about the opportunity that among the perusers there might be science instructors, the creators have begun the presentation with a methodology of allegation. For a scholarly article the methodology appears to be improper. Additionally, it must be noticed that the component of logos has not been appropriately imbued while contending against the methodology of science educators. One must note that the creators have begun with habitual pettiness yet such a state of initiation has not been recently upheld by legitimate proof. This has made the underlying case without rationale. Additionally, it must be considered that in the early on passage the creators have negated their own case. Toward the starting they have accused science instructors of ignoring the significance of the utilization of different innovations in teaching the understudies. In any case, in the long run they have negated their case by conceding that in larger part of science classes various methods of instructive innovations are currently being utilized to give legitimate training to understudies to science (Izci, Barrow Thornhill, 2013). Such logical inconsistency has rendered inefficacy to the case itself. Moreover, it must be noticed that the creators have given wrong data with respect to the adequacy of online materials. The creators have contended that cash of data is one of the significant qualities of online data. Yet, this isn't reality. It has regularly been seen that the penchant of greater part of sites to avoid refreshing data makes the data obsolete. In numerous clinical sites it has been seen that however clinical data change habitually, some clinical sites neglect to refresh them, and such absence of update makes the data obsolete, and obsolete clinical data can be seriously deceptive (Berger, 2006). Consequently, in this regard the case made by the creators ought to be disproved. In addition, the component of biasness can likewise be found in the article. For a case, the creators have asserted, alluding just to a solitary exploration study, that, online intermittent tables become ineffectual if not incorporated into a genuine learning condition (Izci, Barrow Thornhill, 20 13). In this regard it very well may be asserted that the creators have demonstrated biasness towards a particular source and issue. It appears that they have just made their psyche to condemn the pertinence of online occasional tables and have consequently settled a misrepresentation in this regard. Consequently, considering the previously mentioned realities it very well may be said that the article experiences some particular defects which incorporate wrong methodology and some particular paradoxes combined with biasness. References Berger, S. (2006). Incredible Age Guide to Online Health and Wellness. USA: Que Publishing. Izci, K., Barrow, L.H., Thornhill, E. (2013). Online Periodic Table: A Cautionary Note. Diary of Science Education and Technology, 22, 402-417.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Philadelphia Primate Head Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Philadelphia Primate Head Study - Essay Example A few decades prior, the government needed to suspend the financing of the Universityââ¬â¢s Head Injury Clinical Research Laboratory. The authoritative president in those days, Sheldon Hackney, further gave a mandate to stop the institutionââ¬â¢s utilization of creature tests planned for finding the best treatment for survivors of injury related mind harm. The order filled in as a convenient reaction to a starter report by the National Institute of Health (NIH) planned for stopping a specific monkey look into venture (Meyer 1). As I would see it, the utilization of primates in studies ought to be canceled on the grounds that it is ill bred to life structures, shameful and conflicts with the morals of helpfulness and non-wrathfulness. In May 1984, Animal Liberation Front (ALF) activists meddled the abandoned Philadelphia grounds of The University of Pennsylvania and took a few recordings of creatures enduring during different head tests (Orlans 71). The recordings caught over 60 hours of implemented mandrill enduring shelling of the primatesââ¬â¢ heads utilizing cylinders so as to instigate cerebrum wounds. Individuals for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) made cases that the tapes indicated activities of rehashed infringement of government approaches that oversee the empathetic utilization of creatures in examine research centers (Orlans 71). In the tests, researchers dismissed the utilization of careful asepsis and utilized an extremely immaterial measure of sedation to the primatesââ¬â¢ bodies. Value alludes to an activity accomplished to support others through anticipation/expulsion of mischief (Beneficence versus Nonmaleficence par.1). The rule requests that all doctors should avoid hurting their patients. The scientists in Philadelphia, subsequently, through causing the primates colossal degrees of torment, dismissed the need to watch the standard of value. The difficult demonstration likewise outlines a huge arrangement of shamefulness to the creature. I am of the feeling that, regardless of whether a creature needs beyond words,
Friday, August 21, 2020
Tale Of Genji Overveiw Essay Research Paper free essay sample
Story Of Genji Overveiw Essay, Research Paper 1. The work powers expected the # 8220 ; concealed blossom # 8221 ; to be from the upper class, in any case, in the middle of classification was adequate. Bing in the lower class was entirely unsatisfactory. The grown-up female must hold perfect excellence, insight, loyalty ( despite the fact that this was two-faced ) , and passage. Accommodation is a wishy washy element in light of the fact that Genji was most pulled in to those that dismissed him and did non acknowledge his progresss as Murasaki and Aoi did. Genji needed to show the ideal grown-up female or # 8220 ; concealed blossom # 8221 ; out of Murasaki. She was covered up off and he grabbed her to do her into who he needed her to be. Genji appeared to lounge the interest and difficulties engaged with grown-up females. He appeared to go from one grown-up female to the accompanying to climb his personality view and set his picture as a grown-up male. Every grown-up female had honorable attributes ; in any case, every grown-up female had extremely distinctable imperfections to Genji, which disparaged her from being the # 8220 ; impeccable # 8221 ; grown-up female. We will compose a custom article test on Story Of Genji Overveiw Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page For delineation, Murasaki was extremely youthful and non compliant because of her immatureness. Aoi was truly unpleasant and given no interest to him since she previously had a place with him. Rokujo was seven mature ages more seasoned than Genji and was extremely rapacious. The Saffron Flower did non have the perfect magnificence that was wanted. These grown-up females were delightful in their ain manners ; Genji was too much unsighted to remember it. 2. Geni was catching on the outside to most that knew him. In any case, a closer investigation uncovers that he is narrow minded, uncompassionate, unfaithful and shallow. He is all that I am non searching for in a grown-up male. He sees what he needs and he takes it, as he did with Murasaki. He is extremely misleading. Genji anticipates that his wedded lady should be devoted to him while he is perpetually offering himself to other grown-up females. Woman Murasaki praises Genji ; by the by, her respects do non fit his activities. Woman Murasaki may hold encountered a comparable involvement with her ain life. She may hold been using Genji as a delineation to demo how function powers are adulated for making improper Acts of the Apostless, for example, being unfaithful when grown-up females are mocked for such Acts of the Apostless. 3. Womans are relied upon to work powers respectfully. They resemble blossoms # 8230 ; lovely, sensitive and they have no pick in who goes along and picks them. Womans were utilized for diversion and fulfillment. The book appeared to in a general sense go around Genji # 8217 ; s associations with grown-up females. 4. Array spoke to cultural situation all through the novel. Regardless of whether grown-up females were non entirely worthy to Genji, he would guide them attire to pass on them up to his measures. People groups were extremely mindful of way. Still today individuals are made a decision about dependent on name exchange names and habits of vesture. 5. Sneaking about was a cardinal subject in the novel. Shadows and screens improved this point. The houses and suites were simple entered and loosened which may hold spoke to the effortlessness with which Genji went into individual businesss with arranged grown-up females. The houses were removed which made mousing around conceivable. A few cases happened which spoke to the characters feelings and the occasions taking topographic point. For representation, the tempest after Aoi # 8217 ; s perish spoke to the deprivation and dimness in Genji # 8217 ; s life. 6. Verse and letters were the main signifier of conveying all through the novel. Mystery and coded data were extremely of import as great. Mystery made the brushs all the more energizing and bewildering. People groups were decided by how great they composed poesy and the way in which it was composed. The shade of the paper was other than basic for it set the temper and conveyed unwritten feelings.
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Personal Success Essay Samples
Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Personal Success Essay Samples What Is So Fascinating About Personal Success Essay Samples? You can have a look at our Argumentative Essays when that is the sort of essay you're trying for. Essays, generally, covers different topics. Writing a profile essay offers you the freedom to handpick the topic of your preference. These seven sample essays respond to a range of thought-provoking questions. Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Our private statement writers would love to present a set of private statement examples for your reference. Don't forget to begin your essay strongit should be able to spark the interests of your readers. The author starts with a rather in depth story of an event or description of an individual or place. Introducing Personal Success Essay Samples It's simple to point out an essay that's been written solely for the interest of it. The essay is broken up into three key components. An excellent essay is one which leaves a long-lasting impression. Unlike another sort of essays, personal essays are somewhat more flexible and versatile. You might be quite surprised to discover that success of a personal essay may greatly be based on the subject you select. The perfect way to learn how to begin a personal essay is to get a crystal clear picture of the primary features it should contain and its key requirements. Stephen's essay is quite effective. The secret to writing a good profile essay is to pick a personal profile essay example of an entertaining subject. Because that endeavor is intimidating, it's often hard to choose where to begin. Various things to various individuals, since the situation demanded. To be effective in life is something every individual wishes for. A prosperous person have above average performance, it is going to be shown in the six essential places. It will be simpler for the readers to comprehend the point too. 1 interesting view about success is it means something different to every individual. You should give a mental image of the individual or the place you're writing about. The total format of your essay, for example, font size and margins, will solely are based on the instructions offered to you. Folks respond to various treatments in their very own unique ways. Happiness is something which can extend to a whole population. It is not a luxury it is the essence of living when joy is missing in our lives life becomes meaningless. While a lot of people assume that happiness is important than success, while other felt hay an individual cannot be happy unless he's successful, I do believe that happiness play a major part in our life and I think that it's the secret to success. Family members and friends can help individuals that are addicted by recognizing a few of the behaviors drug users show. Education plays an essential part in shaping successful individuals. So, it is a necessary means of eradicating the unemployment problem. Success usually is connected with money and achieving material targets. Education is a significant medium of acquiring essential knowledge and techniques. Successful small business leaders do not trust the formal system won't be restricted to the control and command. Successful and productive leaders should have good communication with people and set a direction to that objective. Some definition of succeeding is all about personal achievement, like getting good grades, sports awards or within a work promotion. Happiness comes from personal accomplishment, it's not a feel-good luxury, but it's necessary for our well-being. For someone, success is a great career, promotion on the job. After defining success one ought to write what success means in various regions of life.
Friday, May 15, 2020
Understanding Counselling Theories - 1374 Words
Understanding Counselling Theories 1a The B.A.C.P (British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy) define counselling as ââ¬Ëthe skilled use of the relationship (between counsellor and client) to help the client develop self-knowledge, self-esteem and the ability to take control of his or her own lifeââ¬â¢. 1b Counselling is based on a therapeutic relationship, whereby the counsellor using their skills and knowledge to help the client to explore and understand their difficulties. This is done in a safe and secure setting, whilst maintaining a confidential and non judgemental manner. Before the therapeutic relationship can develop, both client and counsellor must write up a contract covering areas such as confidentiality, fees, duration of sessions, number of sessions and responsibilities. Counselling can help with issues such as depression, anxiety, bereavement, low self esteem, domestic violence, midlife crisis, sexuality and relationship. 1c Counselling is not advice and guidance. Nor is it an intimate relationship, friendly conversation, problem solving, judgemental or influenced by the counsellor. 2a The key approaches to counselling are Psychoanalysis, Humanistic, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP). Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and techniques which were founded by Sigmund Freud. The basis of Psychoanalysis is that it enables the client to become more aware of their unconscious thoughts and motivations to gain a deeperShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding counselling theory. Essay example1389 Words à |à 6 Pages Macclesfield College ABC Level 3 Certificate in Counselling Skills Assignment 2 Understanding counselling theory. Unit 2- R/601/7575 Hana Lewis- 144383 ABC 17970-33 Contents Page 3 : Introduction. (157 words) Page 3 : Origins of Person- centred counselling (198 words) Page 4: Key concepts and principles of Person- centred counselling. (288 words) Page 5 : How does Person-centred counselling, influence the understanding of the development of concept of self? (245 words) PageRead MoreCounselling And Psychotherapeutic Theory Of Understanding Human Development2153 Words à |à 9 PagesCounselling and psychotherapeutic theory is a way of understanding human development and experiences in relation to the environment. Each theory is based on a set of principles and concepts that have been derived from observable behaviour. However, each theory has identified limitations and no single theory is appropriate for all clients or all presenting issues. Psychotherapeutic integration is combining different theories and/or techniques to create a more comprehensive and complete outcome forRead Morecounselling theory essay1690 Words à |à 7 Pagesï » ¿Unit 2: Introduction to Counselling Skills Theories Theory Essay Written Introduction In this essay I will describe key elements of Psychodynamic theory, Person-Centred theory and Cognitive-Behavioural theory. I will also identify the key differences between the above theories. I shall also describe how counselling theory underpins the use of counselling skills in practise. I will then end with my conclusion. 1.1 Key elements of psychodynamic theory Dr Sigmud Freud (1856-1939), isRead MorePsychodynamic Counselling Overview Essay923 Words à |à 4 PagesPsychodynamic Counselling ââ¬â Overview. Psychodynamic counselling has a long history and vast literature to condense so only a brief overview is possible here ââ¬â following on from the themes already discussed and with particular focus on four psychologists: Freud, Jung, Adler and Klein. ââ¬Å"The primary purpose of psychodynamic counselling is to help clients make sense of current situations; of memories associated with present experience, some of which spring readily to mind, others which may riseRead MoreReflective Reflection Essay999 Words à |à 4 PagesDifferent theories and ways of practising exist for counsellors, with reflective practice becoming more popular amongst practitioners. Dallos, Stedmon (2009) state that for professionals working directly with people, such as counsellors, reflective practice has quickly developed into a fundamental component of training, and the best practice for creating successful outcomes. This essay will focus on how reflective practice is critical for professional life, and how the use of reflection and theory canRead MoreThe Profession Of Counselling Psychology1582 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction The profession of counselling psychology has developed hugely during the past decade, this paper aims to provide a concise and general exploration of the nature of counselling psychology, itââ¬â¢s development history, where it stands among other traditional approaches, and how disciplines of psychology is linked with a range of models of psychotherapy. In 1982 counselling psychology started developing as a section within the British Psychological Society, and in 1994 it was then recognizedRead MoreDescribe How Current Counselling and Psychotherapy Practices Emerged from Psychiatry and Psychology.1226 Words à |à 5 Pagescurrent counselling and psychotherapy practice emerged from psychiatry and psychology. Use critical evaluation of theoretical evidence to support discussion points. 2, Analyse the similarities and differences between psychotherapy and counselling practices using evidence, aims and objectives relevant to practice and therapeutic need. Counselling and psychotherapy are very different areas of speciality than psychiatry or psychology. Yet it is from these two health practices that counselling and psychotherapyRead MoreSocial Control And Social Influence1728 Words à |à 7 Pagesand law enforcement agents such as: police, military, and other city, state, and federal agencies. This form of control is set in place to prevent chaos in society. Theories of social control have been used to define and explain how the behaviours and actions of a person could be controlled by social agents (Dixon, 2015). These theories have been used by certain interactionists, functionalists, Marxists and post-structuralist to understand the way in which social norms and order is defined and maintainedRead Moreââ¬Å"Compare and Contrast the Different Ways the Person-Centred and Cognitive- Behavioural Approaches to Counselling Understand and Make Use of the Counselling Relationshipâ⬠1559 Words à |à 7 Pagescognitive- behavioural approaches to counselling understand and make use of the counselling relationshipâ⬠à This essay is written to compare the counselling relationship in person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling by outlining both the theory and practice of the counselling relationship. This will be done by outlining the theory of the counselling relationships and the theory in practice. Both person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling are widely recognised, successful treatmentsRead MoreReflective Essay On Counselling1690 Words à |à 7 PagesThis reflective essay will try and develop an understanding of the experiences and theory that has been applied to a counselling roleplay and applied content over the duration of the module. Furthermore, identifying what has been covered and what has not been covered in the roleplay, its strengths, weaknesses, what needs developing and how it can help as counsellors within the field. The first topic will reflect on the skills and attributes that have been applied to the roleplay and how it has been
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Radical Behaviorists Essay - 1517 Words
Assignment #1: Radical Behaviorist Critique EDU501001VA016-1128-001 Learning Theories (K-12) Instructor: Kelly Walton November 3, 2012 Describe a learning outcome and a radical behaviorist approach to achieving that outcome ââ¬Å"Learning outcomes are statements that specify what learners will know or be able to do as a result of a learning activity. Outcomes are usually expressed as knowledge, skills, or attitudes. Learning outcomes should flow from a needs assessment. The needs assessment should determine the gap between an existing condition and a desired condition. Learning outcomes are statements which described a desired condition ââ¬â that is, theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦As far as the sensory experiences, students will play a game that involves all the materials necessary to build an ark. The students will feel all of the wood, the different animals, the water, and even the dirt to get an understanding of how all of the materials were assembled to build the ark. The students need to get an understanding of the size of the ark, the amount of animals, and how the actual ark works on the water. In the behaviorist approach, there is little time given to the experiences of the sense s. Critique the radical behaviorist approach from the perspective of meaningful learning and schema theory. ââ¬Å"Types of learning that Ausubel examined include: reception learning vs. discovery learning and the rote learning processes, such as memorization. However, to make these types of learning meaningful, three things must occur: The learner must employ a meaningful earning set to any learning task. The material to be learned must be potentially meaningful. The most important condition for meaningful learning is what learners already know and how that knowledge relates to what they are asked to learn. â⬠¦ a schema is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. And, within schema, there are pieces known as schematasShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding the Psychologist Called Burrhus Frederick Skinner1190 Words à |à 5 PagesAssignment 4 Valerie Rountree Walden University Management in Human and Social Development - MGMT 8010 June 28, 2014 Understanding Burrhus Frederic Skinner B. F. Skinner was one of the most influential of American psychologists. A radical behaviorist, he developed the theory of operant conditioning, the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or unlikely that the behavior will be repeated again, (NNDB, 2014). His principlesRead MorePsychology Is The Science Of Natural Science1080 Words à |à 5 PagesPsychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness -John B. Watson There are five main approaches to psychology known as ââ¬Å"schools of thoughtâ⬠that make assumptions about the nature ofRead MoreBehavioral Psychology and BF Skinner916 Words à |à 4 Pageswas diagnosed with leukemia and succumbed to the disease the following year (A Science Odyssey, 1998). He died in his home in Massachusetts on August 18, 1990. B.F. Skinner is considered a ââ¬Ëradicalââ¬â¢ behaviorist because of certain ideals that he would express during his time at Harvard and thereafter. Radical behaviorism is concerned with the behavior of organisms, not with internal processing (Graham, 2010). This type of behaviorism insists on behavior being a reflection of frequency effects amongRead MoreJohn Broadus Watson : The Father Of Behaviorism Essay1786 Words à |à 8 PagesJohn Hopkins University (Cherry 2016). Around this time, in 1913, the field of psychology was in disagreement over something understood about the nature of consciousness and how to study it. Watson conveyed a lecture entitled ââ¬Å"Psychology as the Behaviorists Views It.â⬠When Watson spoke about this many questions were answered. He demanded that the use achaic methods and inappropriate subject matter was the problem. He projected the idea of an objective psychology of behavior called behaviorism (WatsonRead MoreTaking a Closer Look at Beha viorists Essay1963 Words à |à 8 Pagesthe antecedent behavior will happen again. The study of only behavior in Psychology is called Behaviorism. The Psychologists who study the school of Behaviorism go by the title of Behaviorists or Behavioral Psychologists. Behaviorists have their own theories and principles that they follow in their study. Behaviorists believe two specific principles that are different from other studies in Psychology. The first is that Psychology is only the study of behavior, and it has nothing to do with the unconsciousRead MoreSkinner ( 1904-1990 )1746 Words à |à 7 Pagesinfluences on philosophy. He was an advocate of his own school of thought called radical behaviorism, and conducted experimental analysis of behavior. In About Behaviorism, B.F. Skinner expands on methodological behaviorismââ¬â¢s central tenet and its weaknesses. Skinner illustrated that in methodological behaviorism, the only admissible and relevant evidence in scientific psychology is behavioral data. To methodological behaviorists, introspection is not a form of evidence, since it is a private and personalRead MoreBehaviorism1675 Words à |à 7 Pagesbehavioral aspects of thought and dismissed the inward experiential, and sometimes the inner procedural aspects. Behaviorism in the educational sense is primarily concerned with observable and measurable aspects of human behavior. In defining behavior, behaviorist learning theories emphasize changes in behavior that result from stimulus-response associations made by the learner. In the book ââ¬Å"About Behaviorismâ⬠B.F Skinner stated that he believes that certain things about behaviorism or the science of behaviorRead MoreOperant Conditioning, The Strength Of Conditioni ng Essay1710 Words à |à 7 Pagesdriving (behavior), then I would continue receiving punishment in the form of traffic citations. Skinnerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Radical Behaviorismâ⬠asserts that mental activity is not important and that behavior is the only avenue for understanding people. Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not? Provide examples that support your position. Skinner adopted and developed the scientific philosophy known as radical behaviorism. This orientation rejects scientific language and interpretations that refer to mentalisticRead MoreBehaviorism : Behaviorism And Behaviorism847 Words à |à 4 Pagesidea that all behaviors are obtained from outside observations and not in thoughts or feelings. In the twentieth century, three significant behaviorists John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner determined that behaviorism is the study of observable behavior, as opposed to internal events such as emotions and cogitation (Moore). Although the three behaviorists encounter their theories of behaviorism differently, their ideas are similar. Behaviorism is the study of human behavior and is principallyRead MorePerspectives Paper1467 Words à |à 6 PagesBehaviorists and cognitive psychologists have debated for many years. It is from these two schools of thought that dueling informational ideas have been born. Originally, behaviorism was the leading school of thought being led by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. Later new ideas regarding the mind became more prominent. Edward C. Tolman was one of the more prominent figures of this field. Behaviorists looked for more evidence of behavior and rejected any ideas about the mind. An idea that was highly
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Protecting Confidentiality of Personal Data
Question: Discuss about the Protecting Confidentiality of Personal Data. Answer: Introduction: While conducting a weekly meeting, our ICT manager (say Harry) reassigned one of my colleagues (say Steve), using an assignment list. Unfortunately, the list captured his confidential information including date of birth, government identification number, social security number and bank account details. This information was obtained through the companys open network accessed through the enterprise management system. Furthermore, to Steves perception, everything was normal as he thought the management had access to his confidential information including bank account details. The manager compromised Steves confidential information by accessing it through the open network. Although Harry may have accessed the information accidently, he should have never disclosed it in the meeting. Moreover, given the current state of affairs, the company should implement procedures to prevent similar incidences in the future. For instance, only the relevant information (identification) should be available to the management. Moreover, financial information should be disclosed on a need to know basis and only to the finance department (Sampson Makela, 2014). The ethical and non-ethical issues Privacy - the manager accessed Steves confidential information which should have been protected and only disclosed to the relevant parties i.e. Steve. Since there are no laws prohibiting access of information through open networks, the manager should have exercised his ethical duty to avail the relevant data without the confidential information. Security- Since the management has access to the employees confidential information, their security is at risk because the information can fall to the wrong parties after gaining access to the management system (Gunarto, 2011). Two parties are directly affected, they are Steve and Harry. Steves confidential information was presented to the masses, this places him under threat which is a serious security violation. Therefore, in this scenario, Steve is the victim of the incidence. Harry, on the other hand, is responsible for exposing Steves confidential data and therefore is responsible for the outcomes. Legally, there are no stipulations prohibiting Harry from accessing Steves information, however, his moral values should have stopped him from accessing the information. This outcome is common today where people access sensitive information just because they can (CMOD, 2008). Ethical issues and implications Privacy. The legal framework always seems to trail technological innovation, today there are no laws that explicitly define employees information, including data like employee addresses, photos, social security numbers and dates of birth. However, such information should have clear cut guidelines including the very sensitive financial information. Failure to observe such policies or laws should lead severe consequences such as legal prosecution. Security Everyone has a right to feel safe and more importantly a right to protect their assets such as confidential information. These rights cannot be limited to a chosen few within the higher hierarchy of an organisation. Organisations like the one identified above should have proper measures to safeguard their systems What can be done? Containment is the answer to the current situation where the company should implement measures to prevent further damages from the data exposure. Furthermore, the organisation should implement appropriate measures to avoid a recurrence in the future. Ethically, the management should adhere to proper moral values where they should serve as an extra layer of security in case the existing systems lack the necessary security infrastructure to protect the employees information (Deakin, 2015). Confidential information should be stored on secure servers that are only accessed by a few with the right authorization and authentication. Through this technique the organization will account for the data including those who access it. Secondly, the organization should review its existing service agreements, particularly those that deal with the employees and the vendors of the management system. Moreover, reviews can also be done on the internal practices to monitor the flow of operational activities. The organization could also implement a comprehensive privacy policy that identifies individuals based on their duties and access levels. Furthermore, the organization should stop using employees social security numbers as an identification mechanism and instead use company generated numbers to identify its members. Conduct regular training on the importance of information security and privacy. Conduct regular audits to determine the company legal/policy compliance. Finally, develop a response plan in an event of a security breach such as the one identified above. Best option - and why Proper measures should be put in place to safeguard employees information, this could be done using authorization procedures where the staff would have access to the relevant data based on their responsibilities. An IT manager should not have access to financial information, instead, that access should be limited to the finance department and also on a need to know basis. Furthermore, the organisation data should not be taken offsite but again limited to in-house activities. This option will limit access to the relevant parties (authorised) therefore lowering the cases of privacy violation and other ethical dilemmas. References CMOD. (2008). Protecting the confidentiality of Personal Data. Retrieved 16 March, 2017, from: https://www.dataprotection.ie/documents/guidance/GuidanceFinance.pdf Deakin. (2015). Digital literacy. Retrieved 16 March, 2017, from: https://www.deakin.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/38006/digital-literacy.pdf Gunarto. H. (2011). Ethical Issues in Cyberspace and IT Society. Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University. Retrieved 16 March, 2017, from: https://www.apu.ac.jp/~gunarto/it1.pdf Sampson. J Makela. J. (2014). Ethical Issues Associated with Information and Communication Technology in Counselling and Guidance. Florida State University Libraries. Retrieved 16 March, 2017, from: https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:210480/datastream/PDF/view
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