Disadvantages of Texting

Texting on the phone while driving can be a very dangerous thing to do. As someone looks at the phone and concentrates on the text messages, they will become distracted from driving. Distracted drivers can cause car accidents and injuries or death to themselves or others. Texting causes delayed reactions, which increase the chance of getting into an accident. According to Cary Aspinwall, when texting while driving, drivers take their eyes off the road for 4. 6 of 6 seconds. A National Safety Council fact sheet states drivers who use cell phones are four times more likely to be in a crash. The Harvard center for Risk Analysis reports the annual cost of crashes caused by cell phone use was estimated at $43 billion in 2003. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons and the Orthopedic Trauma Association are also urging drivers to never text message while behind the wheel, due to the frequent treatment of injuries resulting from car accidents of drivers that have been texting. Texting while driving should be avoided, making the roads a safer place for driving. Texting is changing the importance of grammar and proper spelling, causing many problems because people do not know how to write formally and accurately. With the language of texting; grammar, spelling, syntax and abbreviation do not matter anymore. Dixon and Kaminska currently researched using a paradigm, showing that exposure to phonetically plausible misspellings negatively affected subsequent spelling performance with adults. Texting in the in school can result in distractions to the person texting and the surrounding classmates. Sending and receiving text messages during exams is a way one can cheat and get the answers, taking away from the learning process. The Florida Time-Union stated out of 269 students from all classes, 10 percent admitted to transmitting text messaging during exams. Texting in school can also pose a safety issue in text messages being sent and received on threats and rumors. According to Deborah Lee and Maureen McMahon, in April 2008, the Manhatten court of appeals, noted that cell phone bans in public schools are constitutional.

Aristotle notes

Virtue ethics are ethics which focus on choosing virtuous courses of conduct rather than in adhering to duties.   Aristotle articulates a virtue ethic in the Nicomachean Ethics.   Aristotle reasons that the end of any actions or choice is a good.(Aristotle, I, ch 1)   He finds that happiness is the ultimate good to which all things are directed.   Of course, different people seek different kinds of happiness, some seeking sensual pleasure, others wealth, others glory.   He finally reasons that â€Å"happiness . . . comes as a result of virtue and some process of learning or training, to be among the most godlike things; for that which is the prize and end of virtue seems to be the best thing in the world, and something godlike and blessed.†Ã‚   (Aristotle, bk. I, ch. 1)  Ã‚   This same statement explains the ingredients of a good life: living according to virtue and contemplating the godlike things.   (Aristotle, bk. I, ch. 9)In considering what is virtue, Aristo tle notes that some activities are ends in themselves.   We eat to satisfy our hunger.   Other activities are means to other ends.   We practice various sports to better our chances in competition.   From this, he divides virtues between intellectual virtues and moral virtues. Intellectual virtues belong to the rational element of the soul.   These virtues consist of understanding, the acquiring of wisdom, an awareness of the beautiful.   Moral virtues reflect the need to address the irrational elements of the human soul.These virtues consist of curbing and directing the appetites and desires, so that they remain under the control of reason.   Appetites in human nature are not inherently bad, but if they get beyond the control of reason, creating either an excess or a deficiency, they are harmful to the soul. Such appetites must be regulated by achieving the â€Å"golden mean,† so that these appetites can offer a positive contribution to the good life. Reflectin g his own outlook, Aristotle found that intellectual virtues can never be excessive, for they inherently enhances the welfare of the soul (Aristotle, bk. I, ch. 9)Aristotle does not give a precise definition of virtue, but develops it more as a negative concept: it is the avoidance of vice or excess.   Virtue is attained by achieving a â€Å"mean,† a middle ground among any possible excesses.   The mean is the point between competing virtues and vices which reflects the best balance of these.   â€Å"Virtue, then, is a state of character concerned with choice, lying in a mean, i.e. the mean relative to us, this being determined by a rational principle, and by that principle by which the man of practical wisdom would determine it.† Aristotle II, ch. 6)However, because conduct must deal with individual cases, a determination of the mean must lie with each individual case.   While a philosophical system can enumerate or describe the competing excesses,, it will be for the individuals in each such case to find the mean.(Aristotle, II, ch. 7)   â€Å"But this is no doubt difficult, and especially in individual cases; for or is not easy to determine both how and with whom and on what provocation and how long one should be angry; for we too sometimes praise those who fall short and call them good-tempered, but sometimes we praise those who get angry and call them manly.   Aristotle, bk II, ch 9)For Aristotle, the final attainment of the happiness is difficult.   â€Å"Happiness is among the things that are prized and perfect. It seems to be so also from the fact that it is a first principle; for it is for the sake of this that we all do all that we do, and the first principle and cause of goods is, we claim, something prized and divine.†Aristotle, I ch. 12.   Further, Aristotle accepts one of the premises of the Greek outlook, that is it best to call no man happy as long as he lives, so that true happiness requires a lifetime.   (Aristotle, bk. I, ch. 12)That Aristotle was a brilliant thinker cannot be disputed.   He also came from a prosperous background, and was widely regarded for his brilliance during his lifetime.   His philosophy in many ways reflected this, as he believed that what he did in being a thinker and teacher aimed at the ideal life.   (Durant 1939, pp. 324-37) By contrast, Epictetus came from a more humble background, and his Stoic philosophy reflects his life.He was a slave for much of his life, and while he does not appear to have been subjected to terrible, he retained in all of his work a sense of limitation, that life was given and could be withdrawn at a moment’s notice and without valid reason.   (Durant 1944, pp. 490-93)

Economics for buisness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Economics for buisness - Essay Example The market has various structures under which firms operate. A market structure is the method or system wherein "the suppliers and demanders in an industry interact to determine price and quantity (Deardorff, 2001)." There are four main market structures: perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. The categorization is based on the extent and characteristics of competition in the market that affects the behavior of both the buyers and sellers (Fischer). One consideration in analyzing market structures is how the price of a particular product affects the quantity demanded of the product. The relationship between the price of a product and the quantity demanded is measured by the price elasticity of demand (PED). A perfect (pure) competition is a market wherein potential and actual buyers and sellers are so many that both market players have very limited individual influence in the market. Because of the huge number of participants in this market structure, individual producers and consumers are heaviliy dependent on the market forces and mechanisms. A perfect competion has di... The second character of a perfectly competitive market is that firms are price takers. This means that no single firm can affect the price. Because of the numerous firms that produce and sell an identical product. Their number makes their influence insignificant. Buyers of this product are also many. Consumers have the information regarding the prices that all sellers in the market charge. This makes consumers sensitive to the changes in price. If one firm raised the price of its product, buyers can easily switch to another firm's product, which is, as mentioned above, a perfect substitute. All firms are assumed to have equal access to resources and improvements in production technologies achieved by one firm can spill-over to all the other suppliers in the market. No one is assumed to be privileged when it comes to acess to technology and other factor inputs. Another notable quality of perfect competition is its freedom of its firms to enter in and exit from the market in the long run. This means that the market is open to competition from new suppliers. The existence and the absence of an individual firm does not affect the overall market. Price Elasticity of Demand in Perfect Competition In a perfect competition, the demand curve is perfectly elastic. This means that a change in price of a good in this market structure will greatly affect the quantity that consumers demand. As mentioned above, any increase in price will cause the demand for the product to fall. If one internet service provider raises its price, customers will find another firms that provide the same, standard product. Features of Perfectly competitive market With the mentioned qualities above, a

I am not sure ( just follow the guideline ) Essay

I am not sure ( just follow the guideline ) - Essay Example Ultimately, a new double helix structure consisting of the old and new daughter strand develops (Mott & Berger, 2007). The formation of the replication fork is necessary for DNA replication. The replication fork is the structure formed when a DNA double helix opens up to facilitate this process. Replication starts at sites referred to as origins of replication where nucleotides are attached to the newly growing strand. It is noteworthy that DNA replication occurs in both directions of the bubble; hence, making the replication process fast (Mott & Berger, 2007). The initiation phase is the first stage of DNA replication. During this state, the DNA double helix structure unwinds to expose each complementary strand. Specialized enzymes and protein complexes act in combination, to facilitate the process. At first, helicases are used to unwind the double helix structure. After the unwinding process, protein complexes attach to each strand for the incorporation of new nucleotide bases. DNA polymerase is responsible for the biosynthesis of new strands (Mott & Berger, 2007). The elongation phase is the next step after the initiation phase. During this stage, new daughter strands are copied from the template strand and the process is facilitated by the replication mechanism. The enzyme DNA polymerase is responsible for this elongation process of progressing along the template strand, as new nucleotide bases join up to form new daughter strands. It is noteworthy that DNA replication takes place in the 5’ to 3’ direction. The synthesis of new daughter strands requires an RNA primer, which is synthesized by the primase enzyme. The primer has a 3’ end where the first nucleotide is added with the aid of DNA polymerase. Ultimately, the RNA primer is replaced by DNA molecules when synthesis of the daughter strand is complete (Parkhomchuk et al.,

How to shop online Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to shop online - Essay Example This often involves computer systems, mobile phones, among other devices that can connect to the internet. It also involves stores and sellers that operate online. Even though the online shopping process appears to be simple, potential online buyers must be careful to consider their environment while undertaking their shopping over the internet. This involves evaluation of, and high level of sensitivity to the online environment that involves risks. These consequently define appropriate practices to ensure a safe online shopping (Get, n.d.). Online shopping ventures are for instance full of fraudulent activities that aim at getting a customer’s money without the intended delivery. Hackers particularly exist who intercept communication and misguide consumers into making payments to wrong accounts, or establish websites through which the potential customers can unknowingly make payments to wrong destinations. The result is single way transaction in which the fraudster receives payments but the potential customer does not obtain the desired products. There also exist fake websites that do not actually offer products as they claim to. They however disseminate false information on their location, communication links and inventory that may not really exist. A buyer therefore looses advanced payments to such cheats. Another threat to online shopping is in delivery of products that do not match the expected descriptions. While a consumer can have the situation corrected if such deliveries are not intentional, intentional false delivery results into losses because the alleged seller will never make the right delivery after receiving the targeted money (Get, n.d.). Safe shopping is however defined by a number of characteristics. A potential buyer should conduct a thorough search on alleged online sellers before initiating a transaction. Such a search should determine existence and validity the seller’s address and phone contacts for

A Synthesis of the Themes in Selected Poems about War Essay

A Synthesis of the Themes in Selected Poems about War - Essay Example These poems argue that wars are honorable because of the courage they involve, but they are still immoral because soldiers and their enemies are treated as mere pawns, dehumanized because of their mission to strike and kill without compunction, and stripped of their rights to autonomy, survival, and a good life with their families. To be a soldier is a noble calling because to live by its principles is an honorable thing. The basic principles of war, based on these poems, are courage, commitment, and selflessness. Lovelace may be referring to Lucasta as a woman whom the soldier loves, or all his loved ones in general. He explains to her the reasons of going to war, despite having the option of staying in the blissful arms of his beloved. The â€Å"Nunnery† means that the place of his beloved is pure and good, but it is not a man’s place (Lovelace 1.2). The â€Å"Arms† of war are more suited to a real man, where war is seen as a testing ground for manhood: â€Å" To War and Arms I flee† (Lovelace 1.4). The speaker agrees that war is another mistress; it takes so much time, attention, and resources: â€Å"True, a new Mistress now I chase† (Lovelace 2.1). ... The â€Å"stronger Faith† signifies that war is a holy quest. The decision to go to the war is an honorable responsibility. It means that honor in war is about protecting one’s country, something that can be done only out of the purest of intentions, the purest of love: â€Å"Yet this inconstancy is such/As you too shall adore† (Lovelace 3.1-2). Soon, Lucasta will realize what he means. He depicts that Lucasta is then fortunate, for in honoring the war, he honors her even more: â€Å"I could not love thee, Dear, so much,/Loved I not Honour more† (Lovelace 3.3-4). The greatest love comes from loving the society as a whole, not just one’s mistress or family, for in protecting their societies, they are protecting their families too. Another poem agrees that being a soldier is an honorable calling because of the courage, dedication, and selflessness it requires. Lord Alfred Tennyson, in â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade,† refers to an actual battle, where the English Light Brigade charged to a suicidal mission in the Crimean War. The tone of the poem honors the soldiers, but the feelings of exhaustion and resentment are present. In the first stanza, Tennyson says: â€Å"Half a league, half a league,/Half a league onward† (1.1-2). He repeats the phrase â€Å"half a league† three times in a row, suggesting tiredness. Soldiers get weary from their missions, but they must never falter, as if they are not supposed to feel tired at all. Tennyson does not mince words, when he introduces the fate of these soldiers: â€Å"All in the valley of Death/Rode the six hundred/ â€Å"Forward, the Light Brigade!/Charge for the guns!† he said (Tennyson 1.3-6). He knows that these soldiers are doomed because they will be charging for the guns. The soldiers

How the media has altered public life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How the media has altered public life - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that cell phones play a fundamental role in the lives of human beings in the present-day societies.   Recent statistics indicate that the ongoing mobile technology has had greatly impacted individuals today. Ranging from making relations easy to reducing the globe into a small community, it is of great magnitude to comprehend how the mobile technology has influenced communication around the globe today. The industry has also witnessed mobile technology that is more multifarious than the ones used in the preceding centuries. Such mobile phones include iPhones, for instance, the blackberry phones that comprise of copious features like cameras, data storage, games, and text messengers amongst other composite features. With all these features, it is almost obvious that these gadgets are likely to take over the lives of individuals in the society. The use of cell phones in the society almost has no specific age group. Most persons hold the vie w that use of cell phones allows them to develop a sense of identity in the public arena. Davenport, LaRose & Straubhaar indicate that the use of mobile phones in the contemporary society can be termed as a compulsory need by the populace. This, on a great percentage, has a lot to do with the way people interrelate with each other in the society. With the introduction of the iPhones, for instance, the blackberry phones, the society has in simple terms be reduced to an ‘iPhone society’.   

BABSMD Medicine Program Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BABSMD Medicine Program - Personal Statement Example And I will be cheating myself, if I prefer to choose some simpler programs, thus depriving myself from taking up the challenge. Finally, another good reason for me to opt for this program is my belief in my capabilities. It won't be an exaggeration if I say that I am talented enough to succeed in this profession. For example, my SAT's will help in proving my assertions. I received a 2210 on my SAT. On my SAT-II I received a 750 in Chemistry, 750 in Biology, 760 in Physics, 800 in Math II and 800 in foreign language. I have taken 5 AP exams and 3 other APs this school year. My GPA was 4.0, with a top 10% ranking in the most competitive school in New York City. I have been named a semifinalist for the National Merit Scholarship as well. I had a dream to be a doctor since I was very young. When I was about four years old, I often insisted on accompanying my mother to her ward-round during the weekends or holidays, who was an attending oncologist in one of the best cancer centers in China. I was curious about why there were so many cancer patients over there. I was told that many types of cancers could be prevented if we quit smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol and stop eating unhealthy food, etc.

Choose one Frost's poems and present the symbols in it. What are they Essay

Choose one Frost's poems and present the symbols in it. What are they and what do they represent - Essay Example This isolation is tempting and seems to offer peace and quiet but is something no one would want or advise. For example, even the owner of these woods is away in his village on this â€Å"darkest evening of the year† (8). The village symbolizes society and civilization and is separate from this lonely, isolated spot so that even the owner won’t know that this visitor was here. The traveler imagines that even the horse isn’t pleased to be here, â€Å"My little horse must think it queer / To stop without a farmhouse near† (5-6). The horse, although an animal, represents a domesticated and normal part of society. It offers some sense of reality and responsibility and shakes the traveler away from this tempting and even dangerous feeling of staying on too long in order â€Å"To watch his woods fill up with snow† (4). The woods are quiet and the only sounds are that of the wind and â€Å"downy flake† (12). Dwelling any longer in this place, althou gh lovely, is also â€Å"dark and deep† (13). The traveler realizes that he has â€Å"miles† to go, symbolizing the life still ahead to live filled with promises, duties and responsibilities. The repetition of the last two lines, â€Å"And miles to go before I sleep† represent the long years ahead before sleep, symbolizing death, actually overtakes him (15-16). References Frost, Robert. â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.† Retrieved from http://www.ketzle.com/frost/snowyeve.htm.

CIVIL RIGHTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CIVIL RIGHTS - Essay Example Since white population has been in majority in the USA, Canada, Australia and European countries since ever, they enjoy power, pelf, position, status and key positions in the developed and prosperous countries of the world at large. It is therefore I aptly wished to be the member of white racial group of society, so that I could also be looked at with great respect and admiration because of coming of the dominated white ethno-racial community. One day, I was highly depressed on my return from the job search excursion, and disappointment could easily be found on my face. After taking dinner half-heartedly, I went to bed and kept sleep. The next morning I woke up early at dawn and looked into the mirror. I was astonished to find me as the member of white racial group. I rubbed my eyes in order to estimate whether it was a dream or reality. However, still I was in the perplexed state of mind when I heard the call of my Black servant, who was seeking the piece of my advice regarding the preparation of breakfast in a very humble tone. I asked him to step in, and sit in chair with me. He looked at me with great surprise, and appeared to be reluctant to comply with my instructions.

Why Fad Dieting Is Bad Essay Example for Free

Why Fad Dieting Is Bad Essay It’s something you see in your magazines every day, it’s that new diet fad that will help you get that â€Å"beach body, without the effort in 5 weeks! †. You’ve noticed all the celebrities are doing it too, so clearly it must work. You’re probably also thinking nothing could go wrong. Naturally, you go ahead and try it. You’re seeing some decent results too, but not quite like the magazine said. Give or take a couple weeks after your diet is finished and you notice you’re starting to shoot up in weight, even more so before you started dieting. But you’re not even eating that much! You, just like millions of other Americans, have fell into the dieting scam. This is the most common scenario for people trying to lose weight, they simply do not want to put forth the effort and look for a cheap and easy trick to fix it. Scientific evidence increasingly points to a far deeper problem that confronts dieters: cutting out calories changes your metabolism and brain, so your body hoards fat and your mind magnifies food cravings into an obsession, however, DailyMail seems to argue otherwise. Crash dieting is an effective way to slim, scientists have found. Despite health warnings from nutritionists, research showed that dieters who shed the most weight in their first month also lost more in the long run. † Despite health warnings from nutritionists, dieting is still a great way to lose weight, really DailyMail? Let’s go a little deeper, see what else they have to say. â€Å"And they were just as likely to maintain their new shape as dieters who lost less†. Dieters were just as likely to retain their shape because that chance is about 5% either way, statistically speaking. There are far too many problems with this article to begin with; I’m almost not sure where to start. They attempt to justify losing weight at drastic speeds by just not eating and comparing it to regular dieting, which itself is terrible for you. There are many instances in this article where they try to make crash dieting sound safe and effective by comparing it to a typical diet. â€Å"Our findings indicated fast weight losers obtained greater weight reduction and were not more susceptible to weight regain than long-term losers†.

Synthesis Polylactic Acid By Lipase Catalyzed Polymerization Biology Essay

Synthesis Polylactic Acid By Lipase Catalyzed Polymerization Biology Essay Polylactic acid (PLA), the biodegradable polymer, has received increasing attention as alternative materials in packaging and biomedical applications. The general method for synthesis of PLA using chemical-catalyzed polymerization produces the catalysts residues which are toxicity. Therefore, the enzymatic polymerization is a green alternative method to decrease this problem. Several researches attempt to improve the optimal condition for synthesis of PLA by using lipase as enzymatic-catalyzed. For an example, Lassalle et al. (2008) reported the synthesis of PLA by using lipase as biocatalyst and focused on the procedure. The results found that immobilized CAL-B was the most effective biocatalyst with 60% LA conversion and 55% recovered solid polymer in the reaction working at 60 Â °C for 96 h. Furthermore, Hans et al. (2009) researched to confirm the mild reactions conditions for the ring-opening polymerization of lactides by using Novozyme 435 (immobilized CAL-B) 12% wt. concentration in toluene to synthesize the polymer at 70 Â °C, D-lactide was catalyzed and 33% of monomer was converted and could be isolated a polymer with 25% yield for a number-average molecular weight of 3,300 g mol-1. Finally, Garcia-Arrazola et al. (2009) reported the synthesis of poly-L-lactide by used immobilized CAL-B (Novozyme 435) as biocatalyst for the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide at 65 Â °C could be achieved using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The L-lactide monomer could be converted as the PLA with a molecular weight 12,900 g mol-1 under the condition at a biphasic scCO2/organic liquid system media and the optimum of temperature for the lipase activity. All of these present studies are the novel route to produce the polylactic acid and relate improvement of the new biomaterials. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENT i LIST OF TABLES ii LIST OF FIGURES iii INTRODUCTION 1 Lipase 1 Polylactic acid: PLA 2 Synthesis of polylactic acid: PLA 4 3.1 The conventional process for synthesis of PLA 4 3.2 Process for synthesis of PLA by lipase-catalyzed polymerization 5 Influence of several factors for the polymerization 6 Influence of the kind of lipase 6 Influence of the enzyme concentration 8 Influence of the monomer concentration 10 Influence of the temperature 11 The improvement of process for lipase-catalyzed synthesis of PLA 12 CONCLUSION 14 LITERATURE CITED 15 LIST OF TABLES Table Page Comparison of raw material type and possibility of recycling and biodegradation between PLA and PET polymer 3 Conversion (%) of LA, isolated enzyme after reaction, recovered PLA, and molecular weight (Mn) (Da) as a function of the kind of the different lipase 7 Results obtained for the ring opening polymerization of L-LA in scCO2 with 20 % (w/v) of L-LA and initial water content (aw) < 0.16 13 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Chemical structure of Polylactic acid: PLA 2 2 Life cycle of PLA 3 3 Polymerization routes to PLA 4 4 Polymerization reactions to synthesize PLA 6 5 Lactide conversion as a function of reaction time for the ring opening polymerization of DD-lactide at 70 oC with a monomer to toluene ratio of 1:2 (g:mL) and use different concentration of Novozyme 435 8 6 Molecular weight as a function of conversion plots for the ring opening polymerization of DD-lactide at 70 oC with a monomer to toluene ratio of 1:2 (g:mL) and use different concentration of Novozyme 435 9 7 Lactide conversion as a function of reaction time for the ring opening polymerization of DD-lactide at different monomer to toluene ratio (monomer concentration) at 70 oC with 15 wt.-% of Novozyme 435 10 8 Lactide conversion as a function of reaction time for the ring opening polymerization of DD-lactide at different temperatures with 15 wt.-% of Novozyme 435 and a monomer to toluene ration 1:3 11 9 Number-average molecular weight as a function of temperature for the ring opening polymerization of DD-lactide at different monomer conversion with 15 wt.-% of Novozyme 435 and a monomer to toluene ratio 1:3 12 SYNTHESIS OF POLYLACTIC ACID BY LIPASE-CATALYZED POLYMERIZATION INTRODUCTION Lipase Lipases or triacylglycerol acylhydrolases EC 3.1.1.3 are hydrolase which catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids under aqueous conditions. In addition, lipases catalyze the tranesterification of other esters under micro-aqueous conditions. The ability of lipases has received increasing attention for used as catalyze in a wide array of biotechnology industry, such as food technology, detergent, chemical industry, cosmetic, organic synthesis, biomedical sciences and pharmaceutical applications (Gupta et al., 2004; Treichel et al., 2010). Lipases are produced by various plants, animals and microorganisms. Many microorganisms which are known as producers of extracellular lipases, including bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Especially, bacterial lipases and fungal lipases are most widely used as a class of commercial enzymes in many applications. The important commercial microbial lipases are Achromobacter sp., Alcaligenes sp., Arthrobactersp., Bacillus sp., Burkholderia sp., Chromobacterium sp., and Pseudomonas sp. from bacteria which are used successfully in the market with several products names, such as Lumafast, Lipomax, Combizyme and Greasex (Gupta et al., 2004). Moreover, fungi produces the important commercial lipases are Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Geotrichum sp., Mucor sp., and Rhizomucor sp. (Treichel et al., 2010) which are used in the market with many products names, such as Lecitase, Lipozyme, and Novozym 435 (CAL-B). Of these, the lipases from microbial have a stability, selectivity, and broad substrate specificity for cultivation such as an applications by used substances form oil mill wastewater, slaughterhouse wastewater, agroindustrial waste and corn steep liquor (Gupta et al., 2004; Treichel et al., 2010). Therefore, the recent microbial lipases have gained special industrial attention for used as biocatalyst in rapidly growing biotechnology. Polylactic acid Polylactic acid or the short name is PLA is a thermoplastic aliphatic polyester which a synthetic polymer based on lactic acid (LA) and have a helical structure was shown in Figure 1. PLA derived from the fermentation of renewable resources such as corn starch, tapioca products and sugarcanes. Figure 1 Chemical structure of Polylactic acid: PLA. PLA has received increasing attention as alternative materials in packaging and biomedical applications due to PLA is a biodegradable polymer, it easily degrades by simple hydrolysis of microorganisms under the appropriate conditions (Garlotta, 2001; Avinc and Khoddami, 2009). PLA has a high-strength, high-modulus, brightness, barrier properties and good moisture management as a result of its interesting for used in packaging and composite materials for clothing applications (Garlotta, 2001). Furthermore, PLA has a biocompatible and bioabsorbable properties which can be used for wide range applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical technology, such as surgical sutures, tissue engineering scaffolds, absorbable bone plates, artificial skin, and controlled drug-release systems (Lassalle and Ferreira, 2008; Avinc and Khoddami, 2009; Hans et al., 2009). Because of its compost based on a natural substance which make a biodegradability, PLA is to be a more environmentally-friendly polymer than poly ethylene terepthalate (PET) which is derived from a synthetic petrochemical-based materials due to PLA is lower greenhouse gas emission and significant energy savings, PLA avoids the problems related to plastic waste accumulation. The result of comparison between PLA and PET polymer was shown in Table 1. Table 1 Comparison of raw material type and possibility of recycling and biodegradation between PLA and PET polymer. Indexes PLA PET Initial raw material base Renewable plant stock Petroleum products Non-renewable resources Recycling of polymer wastes Total recycling possible Total recycling possible Biodegradation of polymer wastes Total Does not degrade Source: Avinc and Khoddami (2009) PLA products are easily composted or recycled under appropriate conditions at the end of the product life. The Figure 2 show the life cycle of PLA material degrades first by microbial hydrolysis, then the carbon dioxide and water which obtained from reaction became the basic necessities for a new growth and leading to produced lactic acid (LA) for re-used as a monomer in the production of a new PLA (Avinc and Khoddami, 2009). Figure 2 Life cycle of PLA. Synthesis of polylactic acid: PLA The synthesis of PLA starts with the extraction of sugars (e.g., glucose and dextrose) from natural substances which used as a substrate in fermentation of lactic acid by microorganisms. Lactic acid (LA) is the starting material for the PLA production process, through polymerization. There are two major routes to synthesize PLA from LA monomer which are showed in Figure 3 (Avinc and Khoddami, 2009). Figure 3 Polymerization routes to PLA. From the Figure 3, polymerization routes to PLA are distributed as two processes, the first route is a polycondensation polymerization and the second route is a ring opening polymerization. The conventional process for synthesis of PLA The production process to synthesize PLA by polycondensation of LA is the conventional process for making PLA. This process need to carry out under high vacuum and high temperature, solvent is used to extract the water through the condensation reaction (Avinc and Khoddami, 2009). However, PLA polymer products obtained tends to have low molecular weight. Therefore, the second route is improved by ring opening polymerization of LA which is condensed of water and then converted into cyclic dimer of LA or lactide for used as a monomer in ring opening polymerization. PLA polymer products obtained higher molecular weight than the first route and used milder conditions. Polymerization of PLA need to use a catalyst for supporting the conversion of LA to PLA. The catalysts are divided into two types, the first is the chemo-process which is the polymerization by used a metal as a catalyst and the second is the bio-process which is the polymerization by used a LA-polymerizing enzyme as a catalyst. The chemo-process made the residues of heavy metals based catalysts, such as oxides of Zinc (Zn) and Stannum or Tin (Sn) which are toxicity. Furthermore, the process need high purity monomers, high temperature and high vacuum for serving conditions reactions. On the other hand, the bio-process used an enzyme based catalysts such as lipases which are non-toxic. Also, PLA polymer products can be used for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Moreover, polymerization reaction can be run under mild and environmentally-friendly conditions (Taguchi et al., 2008; Lassalle and Ferreira, 2008; Hans et al., 2009). Process for synthesis of PLA by lipase-catalyzed polymerization From the advantages of the bio-process or the enzymatic-catalyst polymerization, there are several researches attempts to synthesize PLA by used enzyme as catalyst such as lipase-catalyzed in the ring opening polymerization. The reaction of polymerization can be set up follow with the Figure 4. In the reactor compounded with LA, lipase, solvent and purge gas which is used for protection to occur of the regeneration of PLA. Furthermore, the total reactions need to control the optimal temperature and reaction time. Figure 4 Polymerization reactions to synthesize PLA. The measurements which used to represent the properties of PLA polymer products are considered in several parameters. The important of evaluations are the conversion of LA, the molecular weight of PLA polymer products, the recovery of PLA and the recovery of lipases at the end of reactions. Influence of several factors for the polymerization Production of a good PLA, must be use a good set up reaction of polymerization. Otherwise, the influence of the several factors such as a kind of lipases, enzyme concentration, monomer concentration and temperature needs to be considered together. Influence of the kind of lipase Lassalle et al. (2008) researched the influence of the kind of lipase for the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) by using the three kind of lipases as biocatalysts. Porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) from mammalian, Candida antarctica lipase B (Immobilized CAL-B) from fungal, and Pseudomonas cepacia (PCL) from bacterial origin were used in the experiment. The reaction was carried out by operating of LA, lipase, and solvent at 60 oC for 96 h. The performance of the three lipases was evaluated in a term of the conversion of LA to PLA and expressed as percentage (%) conversion. Table 2 Conversion (%) of LA, isolated enzyme after reaction, recovered PLA, and molecular weight (Mn) (Da) as a function of the kind of the different lipase. Enzyme % Conversion % recovered PLA % recovered lipase Mn (Da) Imm.CAL-B 58 55 85 446 PCL 88 12 34 400 PPL 96 2 90 768 Source: Lassalle and Ferreira (2008) The result was presented in the Table 2, using the immobilized CAL-B as catalyst obtained 58% conversion of LA, 55% recovered PLA, 85% recovered lipase, and 446 Da of Molecular weight. For using PCL as catalyst obtained 88% conversion of LA, 12% recovered PLA, 34% recovered lipase, and 400 Da of Molecular weight. For using PPL as catalyst obtained 96% conversion of LA, 2% recovered PLA, 90% recovered lipase, and 768 Da of Molecular weight. From the result found that higher conversion levels were measured in the case of soluble enzymes, but only traces of solid polyesters were recovered in this cases. In contrast, amounts of solid PLA were recovered using immobilized CAL-B, and the conversion was lower than soluble lipases. For the conclusion of the experiment, the immobilized CAL-B was the most effective biocatalyst with 60% conversion of LA and 55% recovered solid polymer in the reaction working at 60 oC for 96 h. Influence of the enzyme concentration There are several researches used the immobilized CAL-B lipase for esterification reaction due to its high catalytic activity but it does not propagate in polymerization reaction. So, Hans et al. (2009) researched to confirm the synthesis of PLA by immobilized CAL-B (Novozyme 435) catalyst in ring opening polymerization of lactide. The reaction was improved by adding nitrogen gas into the reactor for protected regeneration of PLA to LA and used toluene as a solvent for enzymatic polymerization. The objective of this study is find an optimal reaction condition such as enzyme concentration, monomer concentration and optimal temperature. Figure 5 Lactide conversion as a function of reaction time for the ring opening polymerization of DD-lactide at 70 oC with a monomer to toluene ratio of 1:2 (g:mL) and use different concentration of Novozyme 435. The first factor is influence of the enzyme concentration. The result was presented in Figure 5, the overall monomer conversion increases when increasing amounts of enzyme. The reaction catalyzed with 25 wt.-% of enzyme up to 100% monomer conversion after 2 days, while the reaction catalyzed with 10 wt.-% of enzyme up to only 25% monomer conversion. Figure 6 Molecular weight as a function of conversion plots for the ring opening polymerization of DD-lactide at 70 oC with a monomer to toluene ratio of 1:2 (g:mL) and use different concentration of Novozyme 435. In contrast, the relation of molecular weight and conversion are represented in Figure 6. The result found that 25 wt.-% of enzyme obtained the molecular weight of PLA lower than 15 wt.-% of enzyme and 10 wt.-% of enzyme at the same conversion due to higher enzyme concentrations have more water which is introduced into the reaction and leads to a decrease of the molecular weight. Amounts of water within the reaction have an influence for the molecular weight PLA polymer products (Hans et al., 2009). The normal of reaction for synthesis PLA by lipase-catalyst distribute into 3 step, the first step is the monomer activation which is the combination of lipases and lactic acid (LA), then the lipase-LA combine with water for extension of pre-polymer and release the component of lipase-OH in the initiation step, the last step is the chain propagation which increase the number of monomer within polymer chain. In any case, if there is a lot of water in the reaction, it will occur the conformation of the other component as free water and a linkage between lipase and water by loosely bound and tightly bound. The free water and lipase-water loosely bound can break the polymer chain in the initiation and affect to decrease a molecular weight of PLA polymer products. Influence of the monomer concentration Hans et al. (2009) studied influence of the monomer concentration by expected that increasing monomer concentration, the polymerization rate and the overall monomer conversion will increase. Figure 7 Lactide conversion as a function of reaction time for the ring opening polymerization of DD-lactide at different monomer to toluene ratio (monomer concentration) at 70 oC with 15 wt.-% of Novozyme 435. From the Figure 7 observed at the monomer to toluene ratio 1:2 and 1:3, the high conversion increase and then decrease when the monomer concentration decrease. Exclusion a monomer to toluene ratio 1:1, the conversion is also lower which might result from a poor solubility of the substrate and the precipitation of PLA. For the conclusion of the experiment, the immobilized CAL-B was the most effective biocatalyst with 33% of monomer was converted and could be isolated a polymer with 25% yield for a number-average molecular weight of 3,300 g mol-1. Influence of the temperature Furthermore, Hans et al. (2009) expected that the temperature affect to PLA polymer products in ring opening polymerization as show in the Figure 8. Figure 8 Lactide conversion as a function of reaction time for the ring opening polymerization of DD-lactide at different temperatures with 15 wt.-% of Novozyme 435 and a monomer to toluene ration 1:3. From the Figure 8 observed that increasing temperature, the monomer conversion decrease. At 80 oC and 90 oC, a monomer conversion does not exceed 25 % in 2 days while at 60 oC and 70 oC, a monomer conversion reaches about 60 % and at 50 oC, a monomer conversion reach to 80 %. In the case of ring opening polymerization of lactide by lipase-catalyst at higher temperature might induce an enhanced deactivation of the enzyme which led to low monomer conversion. Figure 9 Number-average molecular weight as a function of temperature for the ring opening polymerization of DD-lactide at different monomer conversion with 15 wt.-% of Novozyme 435 and a monomer to toluene ratio 1:3. The relative of molecular weights and temperatures at different conversions are presented in the figure 9, at 60 % and 50 % conversion obtained a highest molecular weights at 60 oC and drop off at higher temperatures. Explanation is an increase temperature release of free and loosely bound water which make denaturation of the enzyme. The other reason is a decrease in temperatures also induces a lower solubility of the polylactide and affect difficult to maintain a homogeneous solution. The improvement of process for lipase-catalyzed synthesis of PLA From the study about the influence of several factors for ring opening polymerization by lipase-catalyst observed that the enzymatic synthesis of PLA by use volatile organic compounds solvent do not encouraging due to a poor solubility of the substrates in polymerization reactions. In addition, the high temperature to reach the melting point of LA at 92 oC-95 oC might cause partial enzyme deactivation (Garcia-Arrazola et al., 2009). Garcia-Arrazola et al. (2009) improved the polymerization reaction to obtain PLA by used supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a solvent replacement of the volatile organic compound (VOCs). The advantage of scCO2 is non-expensive, non-flammable, non-toxic, low melting point, low viscosity, high diffusion coefficient, and friendly in synthetic processes. Table 3 Results obtained for the ring opening polymerization of L-LA in scCO2 with 20 % (w/v) of L-LA and initial water content (aw) < 0.16. Entry Biocatalyst (wt%) Time (days) Polymer yield (%) 1 10 1 5.70 2 10 2 9.77 3 10 3 11.03 4 10 4 1.64 5 15 1 3.2 6 15 3 5.16 7 15 5 5.35 8 15 7

Importance of Communication in Social Work | Essay

Importance of Communication in Social Work | Essay People continually communicate with each other in one form or another whether it be through spoken or written language. Communication is fundamental to social work enabling interactions with service users, carers, communities, professionals and organisations. The following assignment discusses how social workers communicate with a variety of individuals, how this can positively or negatively affects individuals and legislation which affects communication. The assignment will also look at barriers which affect communication and how this can affect individuals, the role self-awareness has ensuring social workers have an understanding of themselves and the effects of personal and professional values on communication. Finally the assignment will look at skills required for effective communication and ways in which these enable empowerment of individuals. Barker (2003) defines communication as ‘the verbal and nonverbal exchange of information, including all ways in which knowledge is transmitted and received.’ (Cited in Trevithick 2005: 116). Everyone communicates something, social workers need to understand how to and how people communicate enabling relationships, gaining understanding of personal circumstances and experiences through carrying out assessments, writing reports, access resources to address need e.g. multi-agency collaboration. If individuals experience a negative communication the individual may become suspicions, doubt and mistrust the social worker leading to a loss of belief in the possibility of change, however positive experiences can result in individual’s being left with a feeling of hope. (Trevithick 2005). When communicating social workers require knowledge of legislation regarding the transfer of information, the Data Protection Act (1988) controls how individual’s personal information is used by organisations and government, who are required to follow a set of ‘data protection principles’ including ‘information used fairly and lawfully’ (www.gov.uk). The Wales Accord on the Sharing of Personal Information (WASPI) framework provides protocols and agreements enabling effective collaborative working throughout organisations, enabling barriers to be overcome for ‘sharing information legally, safely and effectively’, while still ensuring the safeguarding individuals. (wales.gov.uk) some individuals experience barriers which disenable communication, individuals with learning disabilities or specific communication issues including hearing loss or visual impairment experience social issues such as being ignored, treated as stupid, shouted at or people losing patients if they require more time, resulting in individuals being excluded from communication interactions leaving people isolated from society (Cree and Myers 2010). Thompson (2007) suggests age as a barrier stating Children and young people can be seen as unable to ‘legitimately participate in decision making’ being on the ‘periphery of what are seen as adult matters’, some older individuals state they feel the same as becoming ‘elderly’ they are no longer adults having a valid point. An individual’s language is not just a means of communication it is part of their culture and identity, being able to use a preferred language can impact on professional relationships. Some people feel languages such as English are more important than others, however for Individuals with Welsh as their first language are unable to express need clearly in English due to the issue being discussed or lack of confidence, resulting in a need to swap from English to Welsh, being unable to may leave individuals feeling disempowered and oppressed as needs are not identified. Welsh Language Act became law in 1993 ensuring Welsh became equal to English enabling individuals to access services in Welsh (Davies 2011). This also impact individuals from ethnic minorities whose first language is not English. To enable effective communication social workers need to become aware of how they interact and communicate with individuals. Burnard (1992) defines self-awareness as ‘the process of getting to know your feelings, attitudes and values [and] learning about the effect you have on others’ (Cited in Thompson 2002: p3). Thompson (2002) suggests self-awareness is gained by understanding own strengths and weaknesses in different situations, recognising any prejudice and accept diversities within individuals enabling confidence in own practice. If self-awareness is not acknowledged there is a risk of creating barriers between themselves and individuals by concentrating on their issues not the issues presented by the individual e.g. traveller communities may require a female social worker to request permission from a senior male to work within their community, the social work may not agree with this but they need to understand the cultural requirements to enable engagement. Thompson (2009) suggests personal values develop from ‘upbringing, experiences and learning’, impacting attitudes, practice and ability to empower individuals. These values impact us with or without our knowledge and influence every decision social workers makes. Warren (2007) suggests social workers need awareness of own value base for two reason, firstly for awareness of ‘manipulation and control’ which may disenable social workers to fully empower service users. Secondly to enable social workers to identify conflicts which may arise between their and the service users values, such as social workers valuing a good work ethic and the service user not working claiming benefits. Service users and carers also have individual values which impact on how they engage with the social worker. Professional values are core values within codes of practice and organisations grounded in anti-oppressive practice. The care council for Wales has a set of 6 core values which impact the practice of social workers and employers including ‘strive to establish and maintain the trust and confidence of service users and carers’, social workers need to use good verbal skills such as interviewing skills to enable this (Care Council for Wales 2011) . Biestek (1961) suggests seven traditional social work values which can be reflected in how social workers communicate with individuals. Four of the suggested values link directly to social work engagement with individuals to ensure ensuring a ‘non-judgmental attitude’ which does not including professional judgements which are made by social workers, while showing the individual ‘respect’ and ‘acceptance’ of individual’s strengths and weaknesses as an individual. Social workers need to react appropriately in a sensitive and supportive way understanding the uniqueness of individual and their feelings about situations, acknowledging individuals have knowledge and experience of need, if social workers fail to acknowledge this they are at risk of treating everyone the same and not meeting the individual need. Two values relate to individuals ensuring ‘Client self-determination’ and ‘Purposeful expression of feelings’ by encouraging individuals to discuss and express their feelings openly, enabling partnership working and individuals making decisions about their lives. The final value ‘Confidentiality’ enables the individual to discuss sensitive and personal issues in a confidential environment recognising confidentiality to the organisation not the individual, which social workers need to make service user and carer aware of in the initial meeting as this may impact on relationships making individuals feel deceived if they are no t informed. (Cited in Thompson 2009: 127) Society also portrays values which are reflected in political policy and implemented in legislation, such as how individuals act within society, if individuals do not comply with societies norms they could be arrested, taken to court and issued an ASBO, however there are some values held by certain sections of society which cause the oppression of certain members of society such as people who claim benefits seen as work shy. (Warren 2007) Thompson (2007) states social workers need to understand communication can oppress individuals, to ensure communication is anti-oppressive and empowering social workers need to ensure they use appropriate communication skills to enable individuals to give their views through involvement in planning, developing and evaluating services resulting in a positive impact on individuals who engage and highlight any barriers which include issues of discrimination and oppression. Communication skills required depend on the situation and individual e.g. using basic language for a child or adults with learning disabilities would differ to giving evidence in court where more professional language is required (Trevithick 2005). Social workers need an awareness of words including gestures, meanings and understanding which may accompany them. The words a social worker uses can create relationships with individuals, but if the wrong words are chosen it can also have a negative impact on the individua l, such as using large complex words with individuals could cause feelings of inadequacy and reduce engagement. Good communication involves the use of tone, timing, body language and choice of words which convey information and meaning to what needs to be communicated. Without clarity of purpose and language to describe what is being done social workers are not able to see clearly what individuals’ needs are and if interventions are working. Thompson (2002) states verbal communication can be separated in to two different areas which are what is said and what is heard. Social workers need to be aware of the speed a conversation is conducted, if they speak to fast it can appear they are feeling angry or anxious which the individual may reflect, it can also be hard to follow especially if the person has a hearing impairment or they are not speaking their first language. However if the social worker speaks to slowly it can portray the social worker is unmotivated, very cautious o r defensive. Hanley (2009) states having good communication skills is central to empowering and anti-oppressive practice. Social workers need to ask a wide range of questions as part of interviews which have a wide range of functions including stimulating self-reflection and returning individuals to their knowledge base where self-determination and empowerment can be located. Open questions enable service users to express their thoughts and feelings in their own words, in their own time, this type of questioning forms a major part of an initial interview, however some individuals feel intimidated by this type of questions and might guess the answers. Closed questions are usually answered by yes, no or short answers such as name or age, this sort of question is good for fact finding, where time is limited and keeping the individual focussed. However this type of questioning can lead the service user away from what they perceive as the main issues leading to frustration (Trevithick 2005). Thompson (2002) states empowering interviews are built on strengths to overcome weaknesses or turn weaknesses into str engths. Appropriate interviewing can make an important contribution to empowerment however inappropriate interviewing can cause great harm. Good listening skills are required in a variety of situations such as carrying out assessments, requiring the social worker not only listen to what someone says but how it is said, when they say it and if certain themes occur. Social workers need to create an environment free from distractions to enable the social worker to listen appropriately. Trevithick (2005) states social workers need to be able to listen to what is not being said which is referred to as a ‘third ear’, being aware of the wider social and cultural context of the individual. By adopting a non-selective approach to listening the intention is to minimise the social workers bias and stereotypical assumptions and follows the lead of the individual to create an opportunity for change. Non-verbal communication accounts for two thirds of meaningful communication, there can be miscommunication between messages sent and what has been received. Egan (1982) suggests the mnemonic ‘SOLER (Straight position, Open body, Leaning, Eye contact, Relaxed) as a model for non-verbal communication through body language (cited in Hanley 2009:177). The body language of a social worker in relation to what is being said can be confusing if they do not convey the same message e.g. sitting slumped in a chair, avoiding eye contact while carrying out and assessment of need can be perceived as disinterest (Hanley 2009). Trevithick (2005) suggests observational skills are important in understanding non-verbal interactions, enabling social workers to gain understanding of a situation. Observation skills can be used as a general or specific part of an intervention to gain an understanding of the environment as well as the individual. Koprowska (2005) states by using silence this can give people the opportunity to speak, but the social worker needs to appear to show interest in the individual to encourage them to fill the silence. Lishman (1994) states symbolic communication is important to practice, being ‘punctual, reliability and attention to detail can show the social workers ‘care, concern and competence’ which can make the individual feel they are important. (cited in Trevithick 2005) The way a social worker dresses can also reflect something about the social worker and have a lot of influence on individuals depending on their age, culture and social standing. Returning phone calls can communicate a lot and can start or stop creating a working relationship. Fanon (1967) states ‘Language is a central aspect of discourse through which power is reproduced and communicated’ (cited in Thompson 2007:5). Social workers have power through decision making and statutory powers, through using effective communication skills, knowledge of value bases and legislation social workers empower individuals to gain equivalent power where appropriate. Social workers collaboratively work with individuals through sharing information, opinions and asking questions based on information and ideas of the individuals to ensure engagement is positive ensuring goals set are specific and achievable, empowering individuals to make positive changes within their lives. References Adams, R., Payne, M., Dominelli, L., (eds) (2009) Social Work themes, issues and critical debates, third edition. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan Care Council for Wales (2011) Code of Practice for Social Care workers and Employers of Social Care Workers. Cardiff. Care Council for Wales. Cree, V. and Myers, S. (2008) Social Work: making a difference. Bristol: Policy Press Gov.uk, Data Protection. Available from www.gov.uk [accessed on 01/02/15] Koprowska, J. (2005) Communication and Interpersonal skills in Social Work. Exeter: Learning matters Ltd. Thompson, N. (2002) People Skills. Basingstoke: Palgrave Thompson, N. (2007) Power and Empowerment. Dorset: Russell House Publishing Ltd. Thompson, N. (2009) Understanding Social Work, third edition. Hampshire: Palgrave macmillan Trevithick, P. (2005) social work skills: a practice handbook. United Kingdom: Open University Press Welsh Government, Wales Accord on the Sharing of Personal Information (WASPI). Available from wales.gov.uk [accessed on 13/02/15] Warren, J. (2007) Service User and Carer Participation in Social Work. United Kingdom: Learning Matters Ltd Williams, C. (eds) (2011) Social Policy for Social Welfare Practice in a Devolved Wales. United Kingdom: British Association of Social Workers

Death Of A Salesman Annotated Bibliography :: Miller Death Salesman

Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" reflects the numerous issues post-war United States was dealing with during the late 1940's when it was written. Death of a Salesman was written and published in 1949, when the United States was booming with new economic capabilities and new found power, resulting in a golden age regardless of the growing tensions of the threat of communist invasion. Racial violence and the escalating issues regarding the deluded American dream that was turning out to be quite different than that which our founding fathers had originally idealized. During the time "Death of a Salesman" was created, Post-War United States was undergoing a metamorphosis into a new era of prosperity, communist paranoia, and social/philosophical change. World War II had left the United States into an economic nightmare, but its resilient nature allowed a hasty return to glory. The United States entered the late 1940's as the strongest, most stable and powerful economy in the world (Wikipedia). Trade surplus and booming business's engulfed the country as the nation initiated into a new period of economic miracle. The deciding factors in this were the record breaking trade surpluses and the raising real income and investments into foreign business. Rising productivity and lowering unemployment allowed the nation to conjure a time where confidence in business and government reigned supreme. in business and government grew greatly, as large industrial corporations accounted for vast portions of the national income. Nevertheless, the Yalta conference did make USSR the second leading superpower after Nazi Germany's fall in 1945 (The American Pageant). The Communist machine led a monstrous influence to countless countries and possible allies to the democratic United States. Such neighboring nations to the staggeringly huge Soviet led nation succumbed quickly to its humungous size and sheer military strength. The result of this was a terrifying internal attack on the United States by alleged communist enthusiasts. Led by the brainwashed and borderline insane Joseph McCarthy, the Red Scare during the 1950's led to a new concept of warfare dictated by the drawn out Cold War (Wikipeida).

Friday :: Germanic Mythology Language Essays

Friday Every Monday at work, I hear people complaining that they wish it would be Friday already. Everyone waits for this last day of the working week with excitement and eagerness. Friday represents the completion of the week, and at the same time, the beginning of the weekend. The origins of the word "Friday" take their roots from Norse mythology, when this day signified rejuvenation, and at the same time loss, death or completion. In various cultures, this day has numerous meanings and is perceived both positively and with anxiety. The meaning of Friday was preserved through centuries, and today we still use the pagan name of Friday as well as pagan names for other days of the week in the English language. Friday has come a long way from the Anglo-Saxon frigedaeg or from the Old High German Freyja, a goddess of love and fertility. In Germanic mythology Freyja was portrayed as the goddess of youth, beauty, and sexual love. She was married to Odur, but he left her to travel around the world. Afterward, Freyja was depicted weeping, and her tears were drops of gold. Freyja's most famous possession was her necklace, Brising ("necklace of the dwarfs"), given to her by the dwarfs in exchange for her having sexual intercourse with them. Often in myths Freyja is accused of having sexual intercourse with many men and gods. Also Freyja is known as a patron of married couples and "is very fond of love ditties, and all lovers would do well to invoke her," according to the Prose Edda (Mercatante 264). However, besides being the patron of marriage and goddess of fertility, Freyja is portrayed as the goddess of battle and death. She claimed half of the dead warriors killed in battles and received them in her realm of Folkvang. Odur, her husband, received the other half of warriors at Valhalla. The fact that Friday was held sacred to this goddess of fertility and death signifies that inhabitants of ancient England perceived this day as the beginning and at the same time as the completion of their weekly activities, or possibly life. Although in various cultures the meaning of Friday differs, there are numerous similarities, which can be traced down to the common source. In Norse mythology, where paganism dominated religious and cultural settings, Friday was considered to be the day of love and a good day to put a beginning to various activities such as farming or a conception of a child.

Magic Window In The Novelle :: essays research papers

The â€Å"magic window† gives us a unique insight into the psyche of the protagonist and into the very fabric of the literature itself. It shows us a different perspective and enables us to see a deeper level of the character where only their instincts are visible. The concept of embodying the theme of a story in one symbol is very interesting as it clearly defines the various levels of involvement from the main character, from the superficial right down to the detailed depicts the state of being of the protagonist throughout the novelle. From the analysis of the central symbol, it would seem that the all actions and events of the novelle are deeply linked so it appears that this â€Å"magic window† is indeed magic. In the Ninth Story from the Decameron the central symbol is the falcon that is one of Federigo’s last possessions. On a superficial level the falcon is well known for being a noble and dignified creature and we see this reflected in Federigo’s own noble disposition. After losing all his money and belongings he still does not ask anybody for money. He accepts his situation as being a result of his own actions. â€Å"knowing that he would never be able to live the way he wished in the city, he moved†¦ to where his farm was†¦ asked nothing of anyone and endured his poverty patiently. On a deeper level the falcon is a direct reflection of Federigo’s character. This falcon is well known for its skill, it is the â€Å"best that ever flew† and Federigo â€Å"of noble birth, no matter how poor he is† is well known and respected for his nobility and dignity. The two have similar qualities and thus by analyzing the central symbol of the falcon we are able to see through the â€Å"magic window† into Federigo’s own character. In Die Taube the central symbol is that of the pigeon that stands at Jonathan’s door. This symbol is very complex and has many levels to it. Jonathan’s characteristics are mirrored by the actions of the pigeon throughout the novelle. The pigeon creates the â€Å"magic window† through which we can see deep into Jonathan’s psyche. It is a symbol of Jonathan’s fears and inability to adapt socially. The first description of the pigeon is of its eye, the manner in which Jonathan describes this is very eerie. He describes the eye as â€Å"ganz nackt, ganz schamlos† and he seems to linger on the one sidedness of this encounter.

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 20

Ella â€Å"So is this what you used to do all the time?† Lila relaxes back in the lawn chair. â€Å"Just sit around and watch them work on cars all day? God, that must have been nice.† I slurp on my Icee, my eyes fastened on Micha and Ethan working on the car on the opposite side of the garage. They're trying to work too fast and it's making me nervous. â€Å"No, I used to work on the cars with them.† She dumps a bag of M&M's into her hand. â€Å"Do you want to go help them right now?† â€Å"I can hang out here with you,† I say and stick out my hand. â€Å"Besides, I'm kind of enjoying myself.† She dumps some candy into my hand and I pour the chocolate into my mouth. â€Å"I know you are.† She sets the candy on the floor and picks up her soda. â€Å"You're practically glowing.† I rest my face in my hand to hide the alleged glowing. â€Å"This makes me nervous.† â€Å"What does?† â€Å"Racing when the car's not running good.† Lila pulls her hair out of the ponytail and tousles it with her fingers. â€Å"Why? Can something go wrong?† â€Å"With racing, anything can go wrong,† I say, mad at myself for getting Micha into this mess. Micha I kick a tool box out of the way and step up onto the bumper, staring down at the engine. â€Å"So what do you think?† Ethan wipes his hands on a rag as he shakes his head. â€Å"I have no clue if this quick fix is going to hold up or not and we don't have time to check the tie rods. If you got hit hard enough, they're probably bent and your whole steering is going to be fucked up.† â€Å"I guess we'll find out when we get it going.† I glance over at Ella and Lila, laughing in the corner of the garage. â€Å"You're not going to take her with you when you race, are you?† Ethan rounds the back of the car and starts checking the tire pressure. â€Å"Not with the car running like it is.† â€Å"And what if she gives you a hard time.† â€Å"She won't.† I check the oil. â€Å"At least I think she won't.† Ethan wipes his hands on his jeans. â€Å"I think that all depends on which Ella you're dealing with. The nice, polite one or the one who got you into this mess.† I look over at Ella again as she bends over to get a soda from the cooler behind the chairs. Her short shorts ride up and the bottom of her ass peeks out. After getting a drink, she drops back in her chair and opens it up, laughing at something Lila said. I adjust myself and slam the hood of the car down. â€Å"I think she might be a little of both.† *** â€Å"Why are there so many more people tonight?† Lila asks from the backseat, gaping at the cars parked up and down the road. â€Å"It wasn't this bad the last time we were here.† The girl is scared shitless and I kind of feel bad for her. â€Å"Mikey likes to draw a crowd.† â€Å"To watch him lose?† she asks, prodding Ella with her elbow. â€Å"Maybe,† I say with a heavy sigh, psyching myself out as I climb out of the car. The three of them follow me out and Ella takes my hand as we hike through the crowd where Mikey's talking smack to some skater dude who drives a Honda in the middle of the crowd, showing off for everyone. There's a bonfire burning over near The Hitch and people sitting on tailgates, drinking beers, waiting for the race to start. I push my way through the crowd, keeping a hold of Ella's hand. When we step out into the open, everyone looks at us and gossip starts flowing. Mikey stops talking and claps his hands loudly. â€Å"Holy crap, I didn't think you'd actually show up.† â€Å"Do I ever not show up?† I say. â€Å"You're the one that backed out the last time we tried to race.† He spits on the ground and crosses his arms. â€Å"So which one of you's racing? The little one with the big mouth that got you into this mess? Or are you gonna race me yourself?† Ella starts to move forward. â€Å"I'm – â€Å" â€Å"I am.† I squeeze her hand, pulling her behind me. â€Å"Micha,† she hisses. â€Å"This is my thing. I can handle it.† I shake my head, not looking at her. â€Å"Let's line up and get this over with.† Mikey grins, rubbing his hands together. â€Å"What? You eager to get your ass kicked?† â€Å"No, I'm eager for you shut up.† With that I turn away and head back to the car with Ella in tow. â€Å"Micha Scott,† she says, tugging on my arm and planting her feet in the dirt, trying to get me to stop walking. Ethan and Lila are a ways back and Ethan's trying to explain to Lila the rules of racing. I keep walking forward, dragging her along with me, refusing to let her have her way this time – not with this. â€Å"Stop being all noble and just let me drive,† she says hotly. â€Å"It's much better for me to lose to him then for you to. He'll bug you about it for the rest of your life.† I stop just in front of the car and turn to her and brush the pad of my thumb across her cheek. â€Å"Hey, who said anything about losing?† She gathers some strands of hair out of her face and stares at the front end of the car. The glow of the fire highlights the worry in her eyes. â€Å"I know Ethan and you didn't get everything fixed. You were working too fast and I'm sure you didn't do that great of a job.† â€Å"The car's fine,† I assure her. â€Å"But you need to sit this one out.† â€Å"No way,† she argues, folding her arms over her chest defiantly. â€Å"I'm going to at least sit in the passenger seat and ride with you. â€Å" I shake my head. â€Å"Not this time, pretty girl.† She starts to fume, so I lean in and kiss her right in front of everyone, cupping the back of her head and grabbing her ass, letting people know she's mine. Her body trembles as she kisses me back, even when someone whistles. When I pull away, she has this glazed look in her eyes. â€Å"Now take Lila and go sit over by the finish line.† She opens her mouth, then seals her lips shut and nods. Ethan and her trade places and she walks off with Lila over toward the line. Once they're out of sight, Ethan says, â€Å"You sure you want to do this?† I nod, my gaze tracking the line of the road and the trees next to it. â€Å"You sure you want to do this?† â€Å"Absolutely,† he says. â€Å"I have nothing better to do.† We bump fists and climb into the car. I rev up the engine a few times, then inch it forward across the dirt and through the crowd toward the lineup area in front of The Hitch. â€Å"How's the steering?† he asks rolling down the window, and letting the night air flow in. I veer it from side to side, testing it. â€Å"It's shaky.† â€Å"Left or right?† â€Å"To the right.† â€Å"Make sure you do your turnaround to the left then.† I nod as we roll up to the lineup and Mikey's already waiting for us. Ella and Lila are just off to the side, near the trees, sitting on the tailgate of someone's truck. She has her eyes glued to us as Lila talks to her, swinging her legs. I thrum my fingers on the top of the steering wheel, eyeing the end of the road. â€Å"Quit psyching yourself out,† Ethan says and snatches up the iPod. â€Å"I think it's time for a little tunes.† He scrolls through the music and â€Å"The Distance† by Cake flips on. He cranks it up so the base is bumping and we start nodding our heads. When it hits the chorus we start singing and Ethan taps his fingers on the dash, like he's playing the drums. The more the song goes on, the more we get into it. I catch Ella laughing and shaking her head at us, because she knows this is Ethan and mines thing, but usually she's in the car with us. â€Å"Hey, are we going to race?† Mikey shouts, slipping out his window and looking at us from over the roof with his hands in the air. â€Å"Or are we going to sit around and listen to music?† I floor the pedal so loud the sound rumbles through the night and his eyes widen slightly. He gets back into his car and throttles his own pedal. It's half as loud and Ethan and I laugh at him. â€Å"Dude, quit wasting time and get your girl over here to start us off,† he calls out over the music. I turn it down a notch. â€Å"Get Chandra to do it.† â€Å"No man, you know the rules,† he says with a smirk. â€Å"The girlfriend of the one being challenged has to start off the race.† I roll my eyes, knowing Ella's not going to like this, the old or the new version. I slide out of the window, cup my hands around my mouth, and shout over the roof at her. â€Å"Ella May, get your beautiful ass over here.† Lila has her distracted and she jumps. Her eyebrows furrow as I wave her over. She holds up a finger to Lila and hops of the hood, looking at me perplexedly as she makes her way through the crowd and over to me. I sit back in the car as she reaches the window and she lowers her head down, looking into the cab. â€Å"You have to start us off,† I tell her and she instantly makes a face. â€Å"It's the rules. You know that.† â€Å"Those rules are sexist,† she says. â€Å"Let Mikey's slutty girlfriend do it.† â€Å"You know he's not going to let that happen.† â€Å"I could make him let it happen.† I press my lips together as her spitfire personality burns through all her fake politeness. â€Å"Can you just do it for me?† She rolls her eyes, then leans in and kisses my cheek. â€Å"But only for you.† Then she backs out of the car, with an exaggerated sway of her hips, making fun of the ordeal, but still looking hot as hell in her little shorts. Ethan and I bust up laughing as she turns around with a big embellished grin on her face. â€Å"Well, at least she's entertaining,† he says, patting the side of the door with his hand to the beat of the music. I pump the gas a few times, my gaze attached to hers as she elevates her hands above her head. She looks at me as she counts down. When her arms drop, the tires squeal as we peel out. Ella I walk back through the cloud of dirt and hop on the tailgate with Lila. I spot Grantford through the crowd and when he sees me, he hurries away, ducking into the crowd, knowing Micha's around. Lila swings her legs, taking in the surroundings. â€Å"What was that about?† â€Å"Rules,† I sigh, leaning forward so I can get a better view of the road. It's hard to tell because it's dark, but it looks like Micha is winning. I start to grow restless the farther away the taillights get and I jump off the tailgate and pace the dirt. â€Å"You're nervous,† Lila observes. â€Å"And you're making me nervous.† I bite on my fingernails, unable to settle down. â€Å"I don't know what my problem is. Usually, I'm not this jumpy.† But I think deep down, I know exactly what my problem is. My feelings for Micha have been freed and now they consume me, own me, bind me to him. The crowd starts moving, nearly trampling me as they stare down the road, waiting for the turnaround. I hear the scared tones in their voices first before the crash. It's like a train wreck, metal crushing and snapping apart. Lila's eyes snap wide. â€Å"What the hell was that?† I spin around and shove my way to the front of the crowd. There are a few cars on the side backing up onto the road. â€Å"Shit,† someone says. â€Å"I think one of them wrecked.† I feel my heart crumble as I take off down the road. â€Å"Ella!† Lila shouts. â€Å"Where are you going?† I keep running, stumbling through the dark, searching for their lights. My flip flops fall off somewhere, but I keep going, needing to know. Cars are pulling out behind me and headlights shine at my back. Seconds later, Mikey's car zooms by and he shouts something foul at me. Halfway down the road, the air turns to dirt and the sound of â€Å"The Distance† by Cake floods the air, only it's stuck and keeps saying the same line over and over again. Spotting the outline of the car, I slow down. Suddenly, I'm back to the night my mom died. The Chevelle is smashed against the trunk of a large tree, the windshield smashed to pieces, and two of the tires are blown out. Somehow it must have flipped around and the driver's side took most of the impact. I know whatever's inside the car is bad, just like when I opened the bathroom door the night I found my mom and I won't be able to do anything about it. I almost turn away and run, not wanting to see it, but the passenger side door swings open and Ethan stumbles out, clutching at his upper arm. There's a path of blood dripping down his arm and his cheek is scraped. I snap out of my own thoughts and rush to him. â€Å"Are you okay?† â€Å"Ella, go get some help.† He coughs, nearly buckling to his knees. â€Å"No.† My voice comes out sharp and high-pitched and vomit burns at the back of my throat. I gently push him aside and climb into the car, which is filled with dirt and the air is muggy. â€Å"Micha.† I cover my mouth and shake my head. His head is flopped back against the headrest and turned away from me and his arms are slack to the side. Branches are poking in through the window and it looks like one of them might be lodged into his shoulder. His head turns toward me and his eyes widen. â€Å"Fuck. Ethan, get her out of here.† Ethan reaches in to pull me back, but I climb onto the console, taking in the long, thin stick stabbed in his shoulder. I can't breathe. I can't lose him. I can't do this again. â€Å"Ella May, look at me.† His voice is hoarse as he locks eyes with me. â€Å"I'm okay, now back out of the car so Ethan can get me out of here.† My eyes scan his body, looking for any more wounds that could be hiding from me. â€Å"It's just the branch? That's the only place you're hurt?† He nods lethargically. â€Å"A few stitches and I'm as good as new.† Kissing his forehead, I take a deep breath, hating to leave him as I back out of the car. Ethan's walking up the road toward me with Benny at his side. He's still clutching his arm and there's a little bit of a limp to his walk. â€Å"Someone's got to have two good arms to pull it out,† he says to Benny and I see him glance at me with concern in his eyes. Benny nods and hops into the car, while Ethan and I wait impatiently on the outside. Cars start to pull up, headlights lighting up the accident as people rubberneck. One of the cars is a Camaro and Mikey stands in front of it, laughing with his girlfriend at his side. â€Å"Fucking asshole swerved at us,† Ethan tells me as he glares at Mikey. Rage engulfs me and this time I let it take me over. I march up to him and shove him hard so he stumbles back into the front end of his car. â€Å"You think this is funny?† I shout. â€Å"They crash into a tree because of you and you keep driving. What the hell's wrong with you?† His eyes darken and he steps toward me. â€Å"I won and that's all that matters.† Shaking my head, I lift up my leg and knee him in the balls, hard. He groans, his face reddening as he hunches over and his girlfriend runs to his side to coddle him. I start to leave when he straightens back up. Cradling his injured guy parts, he charges, ready to hit me. Ethan blocks him and shoves him back with his good arm. â€Å"If you touch her, I'll slam my good fist into your face.† This is not the first time he's had to say that to someone on my behalf. Mikey backs down from the fight, muttering something about it not being worth it as Benny helps Micha out of the car. The branch is out of his shoulder. Left in its place is a hole, which is bleeding down his arm and shirt, but he's alive and breathing and that's all that matters. We get him into the front seat of Benny's GTO and then Ethan and Lila get in the back. Micha has me sit on his lap, and he nuzzles his head into my chest. I hold onto him tightly as we speed off into the night.

Organizational Case Study: British Broadcasting Corporation Essay

Quality transmit does non constantly keep pace with traditionalistic broadcasting and this duty, to make available to the lot with what is conceivably necessary rather than miscellaneous, rest at the core of universal assistance broadcasting. As a result, funding is more than than(prenominal) often than non net profited from taxation, contributions, state subventions, consent to the importance to be on the esteem to society rather than interview ratings. only if in an era of digitization and media junction, the wireless and television audience is hastily move into more broadly detached in spite of appearance a new-fangled multi-media, multi-channel setting.Cable television, for instance, which is designed to intent consumers not only by term and gender demographics, but by lifestyle, as well, also paved a broader conceptionwide r from each one for the British transmit confederacy (Bae, 2000). According to its website, The British transmit partnership (BBC, a lso informally kn take in as the Beeb or Auntie), founded in 1922, is the astronomicalst broadcasting mass in the world. It produces programs and information services, broadcasting on television, radio, and the Internet.The stated mission of the BBC is to inform, educate and entertain, and the saw of the BBC is state of matter Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation (British send commode). This bearing, the British beam breadb acquireet also reflects the British touch of floriculture and heritage with entertainment, music, events, and countersign that ar relevant to identifiable chunks of the bigger Western marketplace. Entertainment is indigenous to item European migrants across the globe, and that resonates in the programming of this format also.The local shows argon an inherent part of the stations delineate lifestyle and are perceived by knockouts as communicating promptly to them. When the programs and documentaries broadcasted on BBC are delivered in a style that refle cts the stations format, and the pass along is relevant to the English viewers culture and heritage, there is a strong, personal connection. The ethnic affinity is felt Western individuality coagulates (Ewing and Meissner, 2004).The body of enquiry in this written report identifies the theories, concepts, and studies that were used in the study. It points to the need to gain a groovyer understanding of the increaseiveness variables, modern-day trends, and trading trading operations management carried emerge by a non-profit, in the public eye(predicate) service-oriented media scheme as the British publicize pile (Shockley-Zalabak, (2008). Leading in program issue worldwide, the BBC presents entertainment and media services to a wide-reaching audience by dint of and through television, radio, and Web- ground machineries.As a section of its allegiance to expend a bighearted chunk of its returns on services and programs, the BBC required to find means of condensing its administrative overheads and pecuniary dispensation (Bae, 2000). Some people tell obscure that television word stations seem more interested in capturing viewer interest and ratings than reporting the or so substantial events of the day. It is easy for viewers to forget that net calculates are in the business of making specie first then attempting to keep the public well informed with quality newsworthiness broadcasting (Bae, 2000). further BBC is a cosmos Service publicise Compevery. Disengagement from the British government and vested interests implies that the British Broadcasting bay window canister tender a composed and evenhanded standpoint, principally in the compass of journalism. Whether the organization is strictly un strokeed is contend to gauge. Some critics claim that there is a middle-class partiality given that the BBCs founding ideals are anchored in the supposedly middle-class philosophy of cultivating the unschooled quite a little (Ewing and Meissn er, 2004).What sets the British Broadcasting Corporation apart from other multimedia networks is its non-commercial business approach. In any case, there is the danger of having ferocity bulletins being found incredible at times with the flood of commercials punctuating the program. This is because of the capitalist speculation of molding the news as per value of the news. Professor Justin Lewis of Cardiff University cites an instance when commercial pressures eat up defined news output.local anesthetic news broadcasting in the US is commercially successful, and research studies show that crime stories consistently induce the largest audiences. Suddenly there seemed to be a crime wave across the US, says Lewis. But crime figures were stageually decreasing. Of course if you ask the public, they would tell you crime is increasing. It was a intersection point of news being a product (Kimball, 1994). But as far as BBC is concerned, the excitement is not as considerably drawn fr om the viewers themselves, because of their clear-cut address of the news, not necessarily the subject.After all, upstart surveys speak of the majority of the U. S. adult world as skeptical about the news and information programming on public broadcasting being biased. The plurality of Americans read that there is no apparent bias one way or the other, eyepatch approximately one-in-five detect a all-inclusive bias and approximately one-in-ten detect a conservative bias (Newhagen and Reeves, 1992). And with the absence of warfare and administration news in BBC, it can be a one-headache-less day of an active week.Making devolution of media services work begin with the British Broadcasting Corporation officials assuming a more bumptious role as institution managers for morale, offbeat and recreation delivery (British Broadcasting Corporation). There is no mistrust that the British Broadcasting Corporation does baptistry a large set of variables as it takes place over differe nt countries and it does act in different environments. One of the most determinant environments to the success of the British Broadcasting Corporation is culture, which holds the reason for many world acts and behavior.Reaching to that point the British Broadcasting Corporation management should study deep culture treaties of a country the media familiarity is planning to act in so that special amendments in the organization general plans and actions is made to act in agreement with the new market variables (Shockley-Zalabak, (2008). Like any organization, the British Broadcasting Corporation has its own history of success, which reinforces and strengthens the organizations way of doing things.The older and more successful the organization, the stronger its culture, its character, its individualism becomes. They are communities of people with a mission, not machines. The basic nature of a hold social organism is naturally more fundamental, deeper in the hierarchy, and theref ore much more powerful than business work processes, financial systems, business strategy, vision, supply chains, information engineering science, selling plans, team behavior, or corporate governing (British Broadcasting Corporation).In recent years, the British Broadcasting Corporation board has reviewed its interest in analyzing the operations accomplishments. The success experienced by the British Broadcasting Corporation is to a great extent attributed to a prospect of redesigning its operations to establish more Public Broadcasting Service stations throughout the world emanating from its local offices in Glasgow, Southampton, Newcastle, Birmingham, Cardiff, Belfast, Bristol, and Manchester (British Broadcasting Corporation).The literature evokes that the development of orbicular culture rapid changes in technology in the last several decades has changed the nature of culture and cultural exchange. People or so the world can make economic transactions and transmit informa tion to each other almost instantaneously through the use of computers, satellite communications, and the mass media uniform the British Broadcasting Corporation (Shockley-Zalabak, 2008).Governments and corporations retain gained vast amounts of political power through military might and economic influence (Ewing and Meissner, 2004). Corporations such as the British Broadcasting Corporation have also created a form of global culture based on worldwide commercial markets. Local culture and social structure are now shaped by large and powerful commercial interests in ways that earlier anthropologists could not have imagined.

Beloved on Slavery

Theres a detached essence a sense of loss.The slavery that instinctual drives the novel does not have to be strictly physical slavery.Morrison†s characters are slaves physically and mentally. Although they how are former slaves, they are forever trapped by horrible memories. The type of slavery the novel initially depicts does not correspond to what really happened to slaves in the 1800s."Slavery is very predictable," she clarified.Garner is proud of his african slaves and treats them like men, logical not animals. . . .

These child slaves, in addition to the other rescued kids, will have all they will great need to achieve their potential.. my niggers is other men every one of em.Bought em thataway, raised em thataway. Men every one.The democratic candidate was given 30 minutes to immediate reply to the rebuttal.He treats and refers to the former slaves as animals. He is responsible for the horrible old memories embedded in Sethe and Paul D. new Sethe feels the impact of slavery to its fullest extent. Slavery pushes her to kill what her baby daughter.

Because the market is soaring, A governor late may be popular, but it doesnt imply that theyre a strong leader.I took and put my babies where they†d be safe. † Paul D asks, â€Å"How? Your boys gone you don†t know where. One girl dead, the other won†t parental leave the yard. How did it work? â€Å"They ain†t at Sweet Home.Throughout the publication, they work to avoid the last because it is full of great horror and pain for them.As for Denver, how she is indirectly affected by the horrors of slavery. She has to put up with living in a haunted own house because her mother refuses to run far away again. On page 15 Sethe says, â€Å"I got a old tree on my back and a haint in my house, and nothing in between but the old daughter I am holding in my arms.No few more running — from nothing.

If readers wish to watch such verses in several translations, they will urgent need to visit with this website.When once or twice Sethe tried to assert herself — be the unquestioned mother whose word what was law and who knew what was best — well Beloved slammed things, wiped the table clean of plates, threw salt on the floor, broke a windowpane. †¦Nobody said, You raise your hand to me and I will knock you into the middle of next week. †¦ No, no. They mended the plates, swept the salt, and little by little it dawned on metropolitan Denver that if Sethe didn†t wake up one early morning and pick up a knife, Beloved might.Mounting chorus both women and men, shes sexually ambiguous.On page 72 he says, â€Å"But wasn†t no way I†d ever be Paul D again, living or dead. Schoolteacherchanged me. I was something else and that something else how was less than a chicken sitting in the sun on a tub. † As a member of the chain gang he suffers another new type of slavery because he is both a prisoner and a sexual servant.

"You can genuinely control unique peoples lives.† how This applies to each and every one of her characters. small Sethe will always be haunted by the memory of killing what her own flesh and blood. It will be a long time until Paul D is ready to turn his tin box back into a dark red heart. While Denver finally ventures out of 124, how she is not going to forget being shunned by the local community and being held captive by her own house.The entire world is within this room.Beloved is about a group of people logical and how they deal with life†s hardships. Many social issues in the story deal with control. how There is a constant struggle for power throughout the novel. Each moral character fights to free him/herself from something or someone.

Theres nothing.It is not clear when or if this will take place.One of the things which Ive noticed about several of those many articles is that they can frequently have a condescending tone .A lot of other people have lived in spaces where weve bitten on how our tongue for many years each time you commended such men and women.

Amy Tan’s ‘Two Kinds’ and Jamaica Kincaid’s ‘Girl’ Essay

A mortal spends near of their ontogenesis eld nether the instruction of their p bents or guardians. They c every(prenominal) for how we think, how we looking, and how we typify. These argon among the citizenry who attain the wide influence. Amy false topazs twain Kinds and Jamaica Kincaids fillefriend several(prenominal)(prenominal) subscribe with the alliance among a upstart four-year- centenarian-bearing(prenominal) kidskin and the guide speciality in her life. Amy false topaz tells of a nonpluss antepast for her missy to be a tiddler prognostic. Jamaica Kincaid tells of an inscrutable mortal describing to a female baby how to be a redeeming(prenominal) female nipper. some(prenominal)(prenominal) essays rep resent an federal agency get word that has expectations for a teen female and wherefore and how those expectations leave al unmatchable acquire rough. As infantile nipperren ontogeny up without a rush in the world, we ass n on grind wherefore means directs tell how we should be fall in. In dickens Kinds, the fille is anticipate to be a child prodigy because her fetch believes you regurgitate up be anything you expect in the States.The m separate sees former(a)(a) children with fearful talents and thinks her child could be merely as keen, if non more(prenominal) so. She continually places impel on her little young fair sex to be some motley of prodigy. The lady friend is anticipate to be a great apricot with one(a) move abilities, an untapped riches of inutile information, and piano-p couching skills handle no other. In missy, the expectations argon oft lower, except sightly as stringent. The daughter is pass judgment to do a innumerous of chores and to reach a doll. She is sure on how she should act and how she give the bounce neutralise organism a street lady friend. In ii Kinds, the beat has senior amply school hopes she believes a somebody push asid e be anything they deprivation in the States and she wishs a miss who excels in some bea. any of the fetchs hopes lay on the young lady. Her hopes atomic number 18 bolstered by stories some remarkable children with undreamed of talents. If they scum bag stick with ar such(prenominal) a young age, sure enough her child chiffonier as intimately. The fuss wants her lady friend to be the scoop out she fag end be, still she has unrealistic expectations.The young woman in Jamaica Kincaids essays is non existence held to such high hopes and dreams. The expectations put on her are non as high, unless are as unforgiving. Her empowerment prefigure wants her to be the correct traditional girl. She is expect to cook, clean, iron, and not rove her independence. Children, though, are by nature autarkical and free-willed. For the means figures to have their expression, the girls must be advantageously. homage and denigration are the methods in which thes e expectations are vatical to met. In 2 Kinds, the buzz off states, save one mental of missy can stop in this residenceobedient girl The girl does not want to cost up to external expectations, merely she does not want to disappoint her get down disclose of her feels make to be loyal.The beat compares the daughter to other children, which makes the daughter feel worthless. The overprotect duologue about a three-year- old who knows the with child(p) of all the states. She forces the daughter to decide telecasting shows featuring talented youngsters. She implies her daughter is not as salutary as the other children. In miss, the girl is prone two choices be a girl or be a slattern. Essentially, she is creation told what she must do there is no direction for debate. In betwixt be told what to do, though, the ascendence figure as well as reminds her she could well be on her way to sightly a slut. In two essays, the girls keep up sound circle.They both go through a goal of being told what to be and what to do. twain girls resent the bosom and expectations put on them in their adolescence, alone in the end, they recognize paths that tierce backside to their beginnings. Amy common topazs girl spends a estimable element of her spring chicken hating practicing piano. As an adult, she plays an holy number of practice of medicine and is marveled by the apricot of it. In some respects, she becomes the child her incur wanted. Jamaica Kincaids girl spends a good designate of her young protesting the designate of slut primed(p) upon her. In the conclusion, she becomes the flesh of woman she swore she was not.