Investing For Retirement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Investing For Retirement - Research typography ExampleInvesting For RetirementIn the Family Finance section of Financial Post, there is an article empower Retirement Transition All About Expectations. This article is astir(predicate) a couple, Julius ,60, and Emma, 58, in Alberta, Canada who atomic number 18 twain retirees, whos been worrying about how they can protect themselves financially if ever there would be a fast change in the preservation. According to Julius, it might be difficult to make the transition from employment to solitude. Exposure to inflation is their main threat being a retiree. Don Forbes, head of Associates/Armstrong & Quaile gave them an advice on how they atomic number 18 going to utilize their financial computer programmes to protect themselves against any threats. Forbes gave the couple a five year plan scenario on the aid plan they availed, stating what they should do, and explains its corresponding effects in the long run.. This article has b een on the password because there are more other Julius and Emma who kick in been worrying the same thing once they are about to retire. Starting January 1, 2011, the pander Boomers turned 65. These Baby Boomers are those generations in American history who were born(p) between January 1, 1946 and December 31, 1964. This has been an issue for so many years and now its 2011, the Baby Boomers have reached their retirement age. People, especially in the U.S., were already in panic that for the next 19 years these Baby Boomers will push the national government into bankruptcy. This generation has been on a wrong timing since the economy until now is still on the verge of losing everything. (In 2011 the baby boomers, 2010). I chose this article because Canada is not an exception in this crisis. It is significant for the Canadian families because just like Julius and Emma, most of the retirees now are having lots of questions about the reliability of the government and other company pe nsion plans to fund their necessary needs and other expenses in the future. 2. SCOPE OF CANADA PENSION PLAN Canada Pension Plan (CCP) is one of the retirement income systems in Canada that has been mentioned in the article. The CPP is a national pension plan that was established by the government in 1966. This program is a monthly national defined benefit pension plan that is paid to contributors who are at least 65 years old or between 60 and 64 years old who met the earnings and contributions requirements (Monk & Sass, 2009). It is an nonsymbiotic financial institution wherein no political strings attached its obligations are not government obligations as well as with its assets. The governance structure of this pension plan lies in the Canada Pension Plan coronation wit Act. It has a disclosure policy in which all quarterly and annual financial statements bailiwick and its public portfolio holdings must be disclosed to the public in the CPPIB website. Furthermore, the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board is an organization established to monitor and invest the funds held by the CPP. Independent from the government, the CPPIB was incorporated in 1997 as a federal Crown corporation by an Act of Parliament. In 1999, it made its first investing whose purpose is to maximize returns without undue risk of loss. Usually, the risks associated in applying a defined-benefit pension type of plan are funding risk and insolvency risk. In the first risk, members are concerned whether the employers can fulfill their promised benefits by assure them adequate assets in the pension fund. On the report of Financial Services Commission of Ontario 2010, there had been an outgrowth of underfunded plans by 79% in 2009 from 76% in 2008 out of 1,539 defined-benefit plans (cited in Davis, 2011, p. 6). The concern related on the latter risk goes on the employers insolvency, in which the business assets of the employer would serve as the ultimate guarantee of the pension promise s (Davis, 2011, p. 7). Sponsoring employers should avoid being insolvent as possibly as they

Allan's Repair Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Allans Repair Services - Essay ExampleMitre 10 Metcash dispenses computer hardware under this brand name. It also involves home improvement solutions for the end consumers. Metcash Ltd operates in the areas of distribution, fresh food, liquor, fast contemptible consumer goods and hardware. 2 a) Sale of goods accounting for $11517.4 million was the main source of revenue enhancement for the Metcash group. b) Cost of sales was the largest expenditure for Metcash group. It was $10435.3 million in the year 2010. c) The sum comprehensive income for the Metcash group was $229.6 million in the year 2010. d) refund on assets= Net income /Total Assets Return on assets for 2009= 203.2/3286.5 =6.18% Return on assets for 2010= 230.3/3639 =6.33% e) Gross profit tolerance= Gross profit /Revenue Gross profit margin for 2009=1116.6/11067.5 =10.09% Gross profit margin for 2010= 1172.8/11608.1 =10.10% f) thither has been a very slight improvement in the profitability of Metcash Ltd. The return on assets increased from 6.18% in 2009 to 6.33% in 2010. This can be attributed to the higher sales revenue that Metcash earned in the year 2010 compared to the revenue in the year 2009. Although Metcash purchased more assets to generate the higher revenue, the increase in revenue was more than the harmonious increase in total assets. The gross profit margin of Metcash remained relatively stable at 10.1%. This indicates that be of Metcash remained relatively stable. Even if there was an increase in the costs, it was matched by a similar increase in the selling price to retain the gross profit margin that was earned by Metcash in 2009. 3. a) The total current assets for the Metcash group were $1974.7 million in the year 2010. b) The total current liabilities for the Metcash group were $1448.4 million in the year 2010. c) Current proportion= Current Assets /Current Liabilities Current balance for 2009=1802.4/1309.8 =1.38 times Current Ratio for 2010= 1947.7/1448.4 =1.34 times d) Qu ick Ratio= Current Assets-Inventory /Current Liabilities Current Ratio for 2009= (1802.4-680.5)/1309.8 =0.86 times Quick Ratio for 2010= (1947.7-747.2)/1448.4 =0.83 times e) Liquidity dimensions measure the ability of a company to pay off its short edge debts. The current dimension of Metcash fell from 1.38 times to 1.34 times. This is due to the increase in the trade payables of Metcash Ltd. The reasons of this increase should be investigated since making timely payments to the creditors is essential to obtain trade discounts. Quick ratio includes only the most pellucid of the current assets to assess if a company can cover its current liabilities. Metcash Ltds quick ratio also fell slightly from 0.86 times in 2009 to 0.83 times in 2010. A quick ratio of less than 1 indicates that Metcash does not have ample liquid assets to cover its short term obligations. Metcash Ltds most of the cash is tied up in inventory and Metcash Ltd should take measures to improve its liquidity posit ion. f) eld inventory= (inventory/cost of sales)*365 age inventory for 2009= (680.5/9950.9)*365 =24.96 days Days inventory for 2010= (747.2/10435.3)*365 =26.14 days g) Days Debtors= (Account receivables/Revenue)*365 Days Debtors for 2009= (967.7/11067.5)*365 =31.91 days Days Debtors for 2010= (1008/11608.1)*365 =31.70 days h) The days inventory ratio indicate the number of days it takes to sell the inventory. In the case of Metcash Ltd, the inventory days increased from 24.96 days to

Cultural representation of Italians in the media. Looking at the MTV Essay

ethnic representation of Italians in the media. Looking at the MTV series Jersey Shore - strain ExampleAlternatively, they atomic number 18 mommas boys. They all have names like Pauly and Joey, and eat spaghetti all night. Of course, this is not the case Italians are just as nuanced as anybody else. Some may fit the stereotype, and to the highest degree probably do not. Nonetheless, the heathenish portrayals of Italians have been largely negative, and there is no place where this is more pellucid than the television show Jersey Shore. The show is based upon 10 Italian-Americans living in a hearth on the Jersey Shore in the first season, and Miami Beach in the second season, and centers around the exploits of the Guidos and Guidettes in the house. The girls are high maintenance, crass, vain and drunk. The boys are perpetually tanned, with blow-out hair, muscular, crass, vain and drunk. They all hook up with haphazard people, and say cuss words every other word. They are all apparently low class, and, with the exclusion of one of the boys, uneducated. In short, the show takes every negative stereotype of the Italian American and adds a hardly a(prenominal) more. And, unfortunately for the Italian Americans in society, the show is a huge hit. Basic Concepts Collective Identity, Culture and Cultural Sociology To understand wherefore Jersey Shore is so offensive to Italian-Americans, one must understand the rudiments of culture, identity and ethnic identity. These are all basic concepts that ties in why television shows that feature stereotypes are harmful to targeted groups. The first concept that needs to be understood is that of culture, as television shows, such as Jersey Shore would be considered to be a part of our popular culture. Culture refers to the way that individuals engender sense of their knowledge domain, and a way to individuals to find meaning (Cushman, 1996, p. 7). Events that occur in the individuals world are thus interpreted th rough the culture of the individual, and this is one way that individuals understand the modern world. The cordial world is what provides the basis for an individuals culture, specifically the concrete experiences experienced by this individual. Culture is reflexive, in that people make culture, and culture makes the individual. This is how both individual and collective identities are formed. (Cushman, 1996, p. 7). A persons life is shaped by culture because culture imposes inherent patterns that are formed by communal life, logic and narrative, and discourse and language. In this way, culture forms the self, as the growth of the self is dependent upon external images and genial bonds (Bruner, 1990, p. 42). The internal thoughts, feelings and states of consciousness that an individual has is externalized and shared by concrete representations of culture and are formed into cultural objects, which includes television programs (Cushman, 1996, p. 90). Moreover, culture helps frame t he individuals experiences and acts, because these are realized by the individual when he or she participates in cultures symbolic systems (Bruner, 1990, p. 33). Culture is how individual meaning becomes communal and domain (Bruner, 1990, p. 34). Moreover, there is proof that television series, among other cultural objects, impact the culture because culture is learned, not innate. This was shown by the studies done by Eisenhart (1995). Eisenhart set out to find out what aspects of a given culture influences individuals, and why this would be so (Eisenhart, 1995, p. 4). Eisenhart posited that there would be different ways of transmitting

G COMMUNICATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

G COMMUNICATIONS - Essay ExampleThe globalisation movement is still in a growth phase since there are lots of areas for improvement and the need for further integration. check to economist Shapiro in mark for greater globalization to be reached by the year 2020 economies must wed globalization and reject regulation and social welfare (Shapiro, 2008). The economies that are more open have a greater chance to succeed, while those that embrace controlling tendencies are doom for failure and will finally face hard scotch times for its population. The Peoples Republic of China is an example of an rescue that realized in the 1980s that the only way the country would succeed was to begin a surgical operation to open its merchandise to integrate itself to the rest of the world. Sound investment infrastructure along with economies policies aligned with the globalization movement allowed China to achieve a yearly economic growth of nearly 10% for the furthest three decades.The global ization movement has been help along a lot by the alliances being crop in the midst of nation to facilitate trade and reduce or eliminate tariffs. The appearance of different regional free trade z nonpareils have been essential to speed up the process of globalization and fostering economic activity between neighboring countries. A free trade zone is bloc of countries with regional proximity that form a treaty among the participating nations to improve the terms and conditions of trade between the nations in order to increase interstate trade. Three examples of free trade zones are the European Union, NAFTA and MERCOSUL. The European Union is one of the oldest agreements form with started in the year 1957. The ideas at the time was to create a single European market that would reduce barriers to allow the free flow of products, services, finances and labor among member countries and to establish policies of trade between non member nations (Kotler, 2002, p.388). The factor that

Social and Behavioral Sciences Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

cordial and Behavioral Sciences - Research Paper ExampleHypertension is very rampant today affecting scour young people when it was considered the disease for the old. It must be understood that it affects all sex, races, and economic levels equally. Hypertension accounts for 45% of deaths due to cardiovascular related diseases making it a more lethal killer than any another(prenominal) known heart disease thus being a significant public health occupation (Myat, Redwood, Qureshi, Spertus, & Williams, 2012).The etiology of hypertension is very elaborate and complex since there are several factors falling into both interrelated classifications. There are uncontrolled factors that cause hypertensions, factors that an individual has no capacity to change whichever personal manner he or she tries. Different from uncontrolled factors are those that individuals can influence, manipulate and control. These are factors within the environ handst and in most cases people significantly de termine how they interact with them.Heredity- this is the likelihood of certain families to have a gene responsible for hypertension. This trait is passed on from one generation to another. There is nothing in visualise to stop or control it (Ng et al., 2010). This therefore means that individuals from families with history of hypertension are more at risk of hypertension than those with no history.Gender- men are more susceptible to hypertension than women. The fact that gender cannot be changed authorises it had to control hypertension in male gender. The probability is also determined by jump on and ethnicity. Men prefer dealing with stress intrinsically rather than seek help from counselors or psychologists. Furthermore, men are known to have poor coping skills when under pressure than women (Mounier-Vehier et al., 2012).Age-older people have a greater risk of hypertension than young ones, aging brings with it a period of physical inactivity physiological as well as structur al alterations of the cardiovascular system such as arteriosclerosis that make

Alternative Forms In Theatre Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Alternative Forms In champaign - Case Study ExampleThe theatre provides an exciting opportunity to watch stories and situations as if they were original life, showing us the truth of our nature. For as long as humankind exists, theatre will forever take on an important function within its cultures (Frazier 89). Through theatre, a culture expresses itself, reflects its society, and displays its individuality. It invites people to escort other cultures (Brown 192).Nevertheless, the question at hand is whether theatre will have a role in the society of the future, where cinema, digital television, and computers will continue to expand and grow. The answer to this question is yes. Theatre will notwithstanding be a fraction in a solid media industry. Theatre on the other hand, and its content may take on a larger dimension, but we receive it directly in condition and blood - one to one. The magical atmosphere between an actor and spectator who are constantly cognizant of each other and the theatres level of engagement is fundamentally more human and far more intimate. Theatre will survive because of its greatness, it is not just a performance. It is the mixture of the courage of its creators and the hopes and expectations of the sense of hearing. Theatre draws its reason for beingness from its strength and diversion, its human contact, its passion, its energy and its excitement. This flesh and blood experience of the theatre contributes to the concept of performed identities within the tangible theoretical performance (Flannery 86). In A Streetcar Named Desire the audience experiences the performed identities of males and females in the culture of the time. In The Emperor Jones, the audience is brought into the performed identity of the emperor as a man who is corrupted by power, and thereof corrupts himself. By taking a close look at the theatrical performances, we can see how the private identities are demonstrated in each of the main characters Blanch e and the emperor.Good drama is built on conflict of several(prenominal) kind -- an opposition of forces or desires that must be resolved by the end of the story. When developing performed identities this is certainly true. A Streetcar Named Desire employs exactly that. An opposition of forces, and desire, all of which must come to some carriage of resolution or conclusion at the end spurns on the performed identies of the characters. The way the theatre presents this drama enlightens the audience regarding the performed identities of the main character, Blanche. The recent production of this play did a wondrous job of introducing the audience to the conflicts and performed identities at the fetch of the play. The first scene had the actors presenting, with very realistic emotion, elements of which add to the drama of the play through the performed identities of the characters. The acting helped to utilise the concepts of the performed identities through the theatrical presentat ion of things as Stella being pregnant, Blanche moving in with Stanley & Stella, and Stanleys distrust for Blanche.The performed identities are promote presented through the production and presentation of the actors as the items in the play continually progress. The actors and actresses do a fantastic job of enforcing the emotional concepts behind the play, and focusing the performed identity concept mostly on Blanche as the fight female. The emotional presentation of

For conference paper in science education Research

For conference in erudition education - Research Paper ExampleScientific education is viewed by many experts and scholars to involve amic fitting interactions among teachers of apprehension and students. The scope of the cultural perspective of this social interaction involves giving substantial theoretical pack to its role seeing it, as in the Vygotskyan tradition (Vygotsky, 1963 Leontiev, 1978 Cole, 1996), to be the most important necessity to learning. This implies that when we research such cultural perspectives, we must try as much as possible to be skeptical and critical. The most basic belief here is that we do not know why we act as we do we only know a few reasons on a certain time master and within a limited work of contexts. Different communities have different cultural attributes and therefore we do not know all the other reasons that arise from the functioning of our actions in far larger and more than distant contexts and on longer time scales. Our individual w ays of living and making a message are different according not only to which communities we have lived in, but also to which roles we chose or we were designate to us by others- how we presented ourselves and how we were seen and treated by others. That got me wondering what is happening to the new times. Is it the mode of delivery of the scientific discipline subject? Or the teachers of perception have not discovered what works best of the new generation so that they can be able to internalize concepts in science that can be able to use to venture into the field of science and make contributions to the world. This is because science is the driving force to modernization. In my paper, I hope to point out and explore the cultural ways that the teachers of science and their students are used to in the transmission of knowledge. That is , am going to deal the known methods of learning science , The gaps that have not been make full to equip students in the field of science to be come competent professional and what needs to be through to fill the gap. The first portion of this paper will provide an overview of the study of science as rise up as the contributions and importance of studying science in the society. The second portion of the paper will tip how the study and learning of science has been done over the years. The third portion of the paper will discuss the gaps that have not been filled in the study of science and finally, on how to implement the identified gaps in the study of science The origin of the cultural perspective to Science Education The cultural perspective of science education in its contemporary form derived mainly from the developments in social and human sciences since the 1960s. The view that science represents a unique valid approach of knowledge, disconnected from social institutions, their politics, cultural beliefs and values was strongly challenged by research in the history of science (e.g. Shapin and Schaffer, 1985). Howe ver, eventually both science education and the new scientific studies more specifically in history and sociology took a linguistic turn and began to examine how people erudite to talk and write the scientific language meaningfully and cooperatively engage in its wide range of culturally specific activities Scientific Education Every

European Union Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European centre fair play - Essay ExampleThe UK, having adopted the Directive, has remained silent on the issue of minimum wage while solely other stipulations remain the same. tomcat is an employee works as a nurse under a topical anesthetic organization by the name of Hoxon Council. Under his employment conditions, he is working an average of 50 hours per calendar week afterward opting out of the 48 hours per week condition. His hourly wage is 6 pounds and he is entitled to 5 weeks annual paid leave. The extra time has led to deterioration in the health of Tom and even after filing a complaint with his superiors, he did not receive a positive response. This has led to trusted implications for Tom which will be discussed within this paper. This paper would attempt to provide a solution for Tom with reference to the existing laws. Could Tom invoke the Directive against his employer? The Directive allows employees to file an appeal against the employer if the conditions of the Directive overhear not been met. This is done to aid the employees working within the UK and to prevent too much power in the hands of the organizations (Hartley, 2007). Tom cannot invoke the Directive against the employer for the overtime that he is working. This is because he has willingly opted out of the 48 hour weekly limit by constricting a contract with the organization. Since the Directive allows employees to willingly sign out of the agreement, it will not consider the issue of Tom working for 50 hours a week. precisely in the case of the minimum hourly wage, Tom can invoke the Directive against the employer. The European heart and soul Law has more power over the national law in the case that lesser rights ar provided to individuals. The same case is apparent in this issue. The Employee Rights motion as adopted by UK is silent on the issue of minimum wage. However, the Directive stipulates that the minimum hourly wage should not be less than 8 pounds. Tom is only be ing paid 6 pounds by his employer which is less than the minimum hourly wage. therefrom Tom has the advantage of invoking the Directive against the employee on the issue of the minimum hourly wage. Also in scathe of the minimum annual paid leave, Tom can invoke the Directive against his employer. This is because right now he is getting 5 weeks annual paid leave according to the limit set by the Act but the Directive allows for 6 weeks annual paid leave. Here again the Directive has the power to introduce the Act and thus grant Tom 6 weeks annual paid leave. Since Tom is working overtime in severalise to make ends meet, the increase in hourly wage would positively impact his working conditions. He would not as a result suffer from the health conditions that he is suffering at this point of time. Would it be advisable for Tom to rely on the corroborative picture of the Directive? The collateral effect of the Directive refers to the principle that national laws are under reinterp retation if they are inconsistent with the laws of the European Union. The indirect effect is thus a powerful tool that can be applied in order to bring about a change in the national laws to take into account the European Union Law. According to the ECJ national courts are therefore under an obligation to interpret national legislation in accordance with the aims and purposes of the Directive (Owen, 2000). In this case, it would be advisable for Tom to rely on the indirect effect of the Directive. This is so because the indirect effect would allow him to file a valid case whereby the Employee Rights

Puffin Parcel Group Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Puffin nerve pathway Group - Case Study ExampleAndres vision for Puffin Parcel Group (PPG) will promulgate a number of changes on the previous business processes in order for the people and structure to be suited to the new business strategies. Given that PPG has over the past decade operated a reliable proceeds to local businesses in Manchester, the processes must be transformed to accommodate the expansion to other platforms. Expansion to the mob slant and returns market increases the complexity of business processes in PPG. Whereas the employees were used to working in a agreement that only supported collection and delivery to and from local businesses, they will now incorporate home delivery and collection to the business processes. This might also translate into a need for PPG to absorb some of the drivers on casual contract into its network of permanent full-time drivers.Having an online presence will have substantial touch on PPG due to the impact of e-commerce on sales and marketing efforts. Liang (2010) notes the internet performs a number of significant functions, which improves efficiency in areas of operations such as information acquisition, organization, processing, storage and transfer. However, for the business to enjoy achiever brought about by these changes, the management should introduce changes targeting payment systems and logistic, which promotes innovations. These platforms means that although PPG does not open physical offices in other regions, its presence will expand to reach to national and also adds to potential exploitation of external customers. Among the areas that will changeis time of business operation. Online business will make it necessary for PPG to adopt a 24/7 business operation to fully capitalize on existing markets.

Problems with treating humans as resources in contemporary Essay

Problems with treating humans as resources in contemporary systems - Essay modelingHumans need to be motivated. In this reason there is a big deal to picture on discretion what but will motivate them. Employees ar concerned with their needs. In line with this, it is always important for them to meet their expectations and demands. Humans select to meet their needs. There are incompatible needs and their hierarchy. Achieving the ripe(p) needs means great motivation for them to do their respective tasks. However, it is not just important to cut their needs. It should be a great concern on how to approach them in order to find what exactly will motivate them. In cases when there is a need to evaluate employees, it should be clear with them what the familiarity expects them to perform. In short, the company must be able to clearly explain their stand on what hackneyed of performance it wants its employees to perform. Thus, the first problem with treating humans as resources is the complexity of motivating them. Motivation Motivation has something to do with allowing the employees to perform at their best (Bruce 10). ... However, the compensate interaction needs to be in timing. There are different ways on how to interact with the human resource. The right communication process is important. However, communications have important bars. There are different barriers to communication which have important place in an organisation (Singla 125). Physically communication process can be hindered. Humans have significant disabilities such as dysfunctional senses which lead to inappropriate perceptions of things. The right communication can be hindered through this factor. Another add factor that may hinder the right communication process is the social looking at. Every human has different beliefs about things in life. People may be the same in their cultural background or may differ at some point. This variation may contribute as important barrier because ev eryone has the chance to keep his or her own belief. People from different walks of life have different culture. ruttish aspect is another important barrier to effective communication with manpower. Everyone has specific response to everything. A person may be emotionally stable or the other way around. It takes the right emotion to oppose to the right communication process. Unstable communication usually leads to failure due to lack of the required understanding between the speaker and the receiver. In the case of employees and the management, the former usually are the ones who have the problem with receiving the right message. The right message is the right indicator of achieving Psychological factor may be another aspect that may hinder the right communication process. Psychological aspects are fundamentals of receiving the right communication process. Employees with conk mind for instance are able to achieve the

Improving Construction Safety in Saudi Arabia Dissertation

up(a) Construction Safety in Saudi Arabia - Dissertation Example1 Introduction It is rather unfortunate, but true, that the plait industry around the world had developed a reputation for being the industrial welkin that presents higher statistics for industrial accidents, fatalities and deaths than any other (Coble, 2000, Pp. vii - viii). United States Department of Labour for the year 2006 indicated that face fatalities represented about 21% of the total work force fatalities (Lambeck, 2009, Pp. 72 74). However, efforts directed towards continuous usefulness in face safety in some(prenominal) countries, including Japan, South Korea, China, etc. demonstrate that it is possible to castrate the incidence of occupational injury, serious accidents or deaths (Poon, 2008, Chapter 1). Statistics for construction industry accident frequency rates per million of men hour worked for Singapore suggest that with an accident frequency rate per million man hours of 3.5 for the construct ion sphere in comparison to 1.9 for all other industries help to illustrate the notoriety of the construction sector (Poon, 2008, Chapter 1). However, results for Japan, Korea and Hong Kong demonstrate improvement with effort. Reports about the construction sector in Saudi Arabia suggest that it is possible to do more to bring about an improvement in wellness and safety for those working in the construction sector (Al Omani, 2008, Does Saudi Arabia need a health and safety boot?), (Migrant Rights, 2011, FAQ) and (Construction Week, 2010, Construction sector mustiness embrace safety culture). Like in any other industry, accidents in construction pinch to injury, possible loss of life, additional work and added costs (Li Wai Chung, 2006, Chapter 3). Time losses for the injured, delays in completion of construction, medical checkup expenses, damage to... The intention of this study is the term safety, which refers to an absence of danger, as often partnered with the term health with in the context of work in general and for construction work. Because human health and welf are are of concern to the society, a corporate responsibility exists to tally that minimal risks exist to the health and safety of employees so that individuals, families and the society at large receives protection and remains free from catastrophe. Thus, the legal system in England and in many other nations emphasises a duty to care, an absence of negligence and criminal responsibility for injury to ensure that those who use employees for business do so in a manner that will minimise reproach to these individuals, especially when the business motive is to present profits. The law reflects determine in a society and without values that emphasise health and safety it is likely that the risks associated with occupations will present undue harm to individual members of a society and to society itself. Hence, a global concern exists for health and safety in construction and many nations around the world have enacted laws and regulations to emphasise health and safety in occupations, based on recommendations of supranational organisations, including the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and national values. However, a need exists to ensure that laws and regulations are effective and practical.

Midterm Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Midterm Paper - taste ExampleModern computers and technologically improved spry phones have become close substitutes to television. However, it is very toilsome for new players to enter the attention due to the high entry cost.1b. According to Edwards, from a resource found view of the firm framework, it can be observed that the company nowadays increasingly focuses on sales of television sets, which provide standard features such as 3D displays. As part of this strategy, the company has recently announced an extensive reorganization of the unit. The company has eliminated 30,000 jobs, entered into joint manufacturing ventures with rivals, and shed assets. (Edwards, 2011). In addition, the company sold a number of its production plants.1c. Referring to the structural characteristics of modern television manufacturing industry, the Sonys strategy may fail in the long run. As discussed, television sets are being largely replaced by the modern computer and mobile phones. At this juncture, it is a cumbersome task for the company to survive the market competition by focussing only on the products standard features.2a. In the words of Tracy, online retail industry is a rapidly growing market sector and this immense growth can be attributed to the industrys ability to micturate millions of potential customers at cheap cost. Market forecasts show that online retail industry would become one of the orbs most profitable industries by 2015. Nowadays, marketers are increasingly focusing on online shopping with plan to serve the interests of customers at a fairly low cost and this situation is significantly intensifying the competition. vendee power is higher in the online retail industry because of the stiff market competition whereas suppliers have a weak bargaining power over their clients. However, threat of substitutes is relatively high in the online retail industry although there are a

Florida Emergency Response Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Florida pinch Response Plan - Essay ExampleHowever, the question is straight to judge whether what is on paper is as good when it is tested by nature. Based on the experience of Hurricane Andrew, the federal regime and its local counterparts have implemented the need to formulize specific plans and operating procedures to cope with these calamities but the Andrew experience has now been overshadowed by another Hurricane. Katrina hit the Bahamas, South Florida, Cuba, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida Panhandle, and most of eastern North America on noble-minded of 2005 costing the US almost 82 billion in damages and the lives of 1836 people (Hurricane Katrina, 2006). This happened after the sine qua non of from each one state to have its own emergency response systems and the institution by the federal government bodies solely focused on did after preparation and mitigation. The devastation brought on by Hurricane Katrina most belatedly has further emphasized the need to have these disaster plans cargonfully examined, updated and monitored.The Florida Fire Chiefs Association has created the FFCA Statewide Emergency Plan (SERP) is an effort to coordinate and mitigate response during emergencies. It is not limited to situations brought on by hurricanes that usual the state but also provides standard operating procedures for various types of emergencies either brought by natural or contrived circumstances. It is based on a collective of experience from emergency services and the methods that have been establish during the ordinary course of their service. The FFCA SERP covers local, county, state and federal take of intervention that delegates primary accountability with the lowest level of government and assistance can be requested following the corresponding hierarchy the apex universe Florida Division of Emergency Management (DEM)Assessment of damages or calamity costs is evaluated by the Rapid jounce Assessment Teams(RIAT) which entrust als o be the basis of declarations of state of emergency by the Governor which will in turn initiate the State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) that will serve as the coordinating body of county-based emergency operations centers. In the event that local and state resources prove to be inadequate, the Governor may seek the assistance of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). At the same time, existing government agencies may be asked to extend their functions as may be required by the situation. The other distinguish elements that have been established through FFCA-SERP are deployment time frames, pre-identified strike teams, and pre-staged resources. Another key element to the plan is the considerable focus on the pre and post event concerns. As preparation for every event it is a requirement that a proper assessment of anticipated needs, both supplies and services, is done and that each level shall consider these as current requirements. However, even if emergency response primary follows a hierarchy, counties are encouraged to support and coordinate with each other closely at all times. Consequently, the manner of dealing with reimbursements, service rates of personnel, equipment rates and other expenses, has already been established.Disasters and Realities It has been claimed that Hurricane Andrew laid bare the

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Company Law - Essay ExampleThe essay starts by outlining the essence of the law of distinguish somatic personality. This lead be followed by an outline of the case of backside who is an employee of Diamond simple machine gross r eveningue as well as application of this law to the case. The essay testament also look at the circumstances under which the corporate veil can be pierced. The main body of the paper will give a critical analysis of the facts that can lead the court to pierce the issue of corporate veil in certain instance. Essence of key corporate personality Cillers et al (2004), state that an tie-in of persons or an organised body can acquire legal personality by way of separate Act. Thus, when the caller-out is formed as a separate entity, it acquires the capacity and authority to have its own rights and duties (Gibson, 1988). Thus, erst the company has been incorporated, it can be viewed as a separate or independent person with rights and liabilities that it c hooses for itself. This is reflected by the case of Salomon v Salomon& Co 1897 AC 22 (Hl). Salomon is the sole owner of the once glamorous company and he decides to turn the business venture into a limited company having realised that it had great potential. As such, Salomon got ?10000 in debentures from the shareholders which were acquired through a bond of the companys assets. ... This may involve creating a brand name for the company that is used as a source of identity which makes the company diametric from other enterprises. In as far as the aspect of corporate personality is concerned, it can be noted that the aim of the law is concerned with protecting the interests of the company since it is treated like an individual person with legal rights. For instance, Diamond automobile sales built a strong corporate personality where it even went on to categorically state that there was no person who would directly compete with it after loss the company within the first six months of termination of the contract. Situational analysis John is works for Diamond Car Sales and his contract states that upon termination of his employment, he cannot start a business that directly competes with Diamond Car Sales for a period of six months after the termination of his contract. Apparently, Johns contract is change and he decides to go into business straight away despite the provisions of his contract. Fearful of the provisions of the rule of Separate Corporate Personality John wants to know if he can operate a business. John decides to set up a company with his son and it competes with Diamond Car Sales. However, John is neither a director nor shareholder of the new company, but he runs the business and everyone refers to him as the boss. Against this background, this paper seeks to critically try the authenticity of Diamond Car Sales warning to John to cease trading or they will opt for legal action in order to stop him from trading in direct contestation with the company. Case analysis In this

Personal Action Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Action Plan - Assignment typeIn developing a personal action plan, you will look at your personal strengths and weaknesses and your force to think strategically, and you will identify the goals you want to achieve. Answer the following questions to help you prep be for your action plan.My superior strengths include ability to wrick in a team and making things run smoothly. My ability to work in a team, as supported by Mosser and Begun (2013) has helped me appreciate what other players in the group are bringing to the table. For this reason, any activities we do as a team is more effective as individually and every player has a role to play. My obsession with ensuring things run smoothly has enabled me to complete assignments on m and also deliver error free work.Achieving positive results in assignments depends on individual ability to get over and follow instructions. In some instances, my assignments contain not met the standards and requirements set forth by the f acilitator hence submitting nonstandard work. Therefore, I need to try to understand assignments a lot better and making certain that I do the right assignments. To achieve this, it would be imperative for me to reread the instructions in an effort to rule that I am doing the right assignment, and also revise my work after completion (Kongstvedt, 2007).I have definitely gained accomplished the ability to strategize and think critically in the course of this program. In terms of critical thinking, the obstacles I have faced have forced me to analyze difficult situations dispassionately and subsequently forgather data and other relevant information from all available sources in order to make an conscious decision in terms of addressing the problem. In terms of strategizing, I learnt to set my personal objectives in nisus with the available opportunities. For instance, my objective to become a doctor was based on the available opportunities i.e. the need to correct the health sta tus of the

What is the function of the theory of games within the academic Essay

What is the function of the opening of endorses at bottom the academic literature Discuss - Essay ExampleIn these natures of spicys, intellectual personnels intermingle with each opposite in an endeavor to accomplish their objective.Later than this economists developed interest in non-unvarying sum playoffs and this brought Nash Equilibrium into subsistence by John Nash in 1950. This contribution was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1994. This hypothesis can be opportune to economic, political and business circumstances and gradually it is been used in numerous line of work.Nash equilibrium is that game theory where no pseud has an encouragement to alteration of his or her stratagem whilst the game is iterated, but on one clause that no other player modifies his or her line of attack either. One or more Nash equilibrium is conventional for games.For example There is an alternative to choose between x and y for the two players 1 and 2. Then it is apparent that if the player 1 chooses x then the other player also has to choose x. correspondingly this stipulation is applied in case for choosing y. This game repetitively, over again and again permits the player to structure prospect about the others preference and will tag along. With the help of game theory it is uncomplicated to discover the most excellent and most advantageous elucidation in the intermediate of the argument. Oligopolistic markets ache interdependence owing to which these variances take place. Game theory gives us the picture about fundamental starting for the various fields. It accomplishes a language to correspond mutually supporting linking firms, administrators, personnel, administrations, further countries and the like. This moreover is of assistance to task the commonsensical uniformity of profitable domino force concerning to mutually dependent. As a result it involves the economic representation such as trustworthiness resulting from the subordinate game by faultless Nash equilibrium methodology, which is do known to reallocate feedback purpose. It assists to recognize the most favorable line of attack for commerce and administrations, which were observed at some point in the Cold War. Therefore it is a helpful source for the managers in particular of the argument or any improbability. HierarchyThe complete game theory is alienated into subsequent threesome uninterrupted hierarchy Distinctiveness to capitalize on profitsEconomic judiciousness implementing the contentious hypothesis which, selfish people are there and work for own reimbursement.Organizations accomplishment might set about an effect on one another mutual supporting.For instance, the way it ensues in Oligopolistic antagonism, one organizations promotion may have an effect on alternative organizations revenue. In these individuals, firms, etc. are the main players, which perform like finding creator. Then the stratagems are obtainable, through which the organization can acquire achievement and whichever energetic or up to standard line of attack by the player. There are the payoffs acknowledged by the players subsequent to the traffic are been embarked on. Its tenure for revenue and thus be part of the cause a language for the game theory.This will help us to know how

Display screen Essay Example for Free

showing screen EssayA reminder can be considered as a window into the computers memory. It allows data entry to be checked by echoing input characters on the screen. The disadvantage of monitors is that data on the screen is temporary (called softcopy) and they can hold scarce limited center of data. Quality Factor Resolution Resolution defines sharpness and clarity of an image and is specified as the human body of dots per character. Modern packages atomic number 18 using a lot of nontextual matter and therefore require high-resolution monitors. Display Adaptors Adaptors are cards installed in motherboard to authorisation a monitor.The following specifications were evolving over the years Hercules mono vividness Graphics Adaptor (CGA) low quality Enhanced Graphics Adaptor (EGA) medium quality moving-picture show Graphics Array (VGA and Super VGA) high quality Extended Graphics Array (XGA) successor of SVGA, has the exponent to handle the video and animation req uirements of the modern multimedia packages and games Bit Mapping Technique For monochrome discovers, only one bit of memory is inevitable for each pixel. If it is set to 1, the pixel is illuminated. If the corresponding memory kettle of fish contains 0, the pixel is left inexorable.A binary copy in RAM The equivalent screen representation Figure 1. Bitmapped representation of letter T coding in RAM and corresponding image on screen For colour monitors, much than one bit is required to keep information about a pixel because apart from illuminated or not setting, colour specification is also required. Monitors that are fitting of displaying 16 colours only would require 4 bits of memory per pixel (16 = 24). Figure out how some bits of memory per pixel are required to give a choice of 512 colours?Thus the required size of visual memory depends on the number of pixels on the screen (resolution factor) and on the number of colours available. If you are buying a modern monitor w hich is bigger than 14, it is desirable to have at least(prenominal) 2 M of memory on the video card. Types of Monitors 1). Cathode Ray Tube (cathode-ray tube) Technology A distribute of electrons lights up pixels/dots on the screen Colour is achieved by combining Red/Green/Blue (RGB) of diametric intensities. Size Size is measured diagonally (corner to corner). Today monitors are available in sizes 14, 15, 17, 21.But the monitor size doesnt tell anything about the maximum viewable image size. The bezel in front of every monitors CRT diminishes the viewable area by approximately an inch. When deciding on which monitor to buy, think of which resolution youll be working in most frequently. The higher the resolution, the bigger the monitor is required. Monitors usually display 25 lines 80 characters each in text mode. Standard Resolutions (in pixels) VGA 640 x 480 SVGA 800 x 600 XGA 1024 x 768 1280 x 1024 1600 x 1200 most high-end monitors support these high resolutions.Designed fo r professional level work,1600 x 1280 e. g. computer-aided design or desktop publication 1800 x 1440 Supported by at least one ViewSonic P815 Mega An interlaced monitor draws its screen in two passes. First it draws every second line and then fills in the missing lines. Interlacing is noted because of flicking screen and can cause headaches. A non-interlaced monitor draws its screen in one pass. Another resolve for a flicking screen is the frequency with which the monitor redraws its screen called refresh rate or vertical play out rate. The bottom line should be 75Hz so that flickering effect doesnt show up.Ensure that your monitor and graphics card can be synchronised to the same refresh rate. 2). LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) These displays are cognize as being used in calculators and watches. They have an advantage of being cheap but a disadvantage is that it is very hard to see what they display in the dark. They are used in laptops because they are flat. LCDs come as monoch rome or colour. Monochrome LCD images usually appear as dark gray images on a grayish-white background. Color Liquid Crystal Displays use two basic techniques for producing color passive hyaloplasm and active matrix. Passive matrix is the less expensive of the two technologies.It offers good wrinkle and viewing angle suitable for graphical user interfaces but its colors are not curiously sharp and it has slow reaction times. This is the most popular display used in notebook computers today. It consists of a grid of horizontal and vertical wires. At the intersection of each grid is an LCD element which constitutes a single pixel, either letting light through or blocking it. Active-matrix technology, also called thin record transistor (TFT), produces color images that are as sharp as traditional CRT displays at 1/8 the space, but the technology is expensive.For multimedia applications with video images the fast response time of TFT active matrix displays is ideal. For color active matrix provides individual color bits for each displays. An active-matrix display uses from one to four transistors to control each pixel. LCDs do not exaggerate actual viewing areas like regular monitors. For example, a 9. 4 LCD provides 9. 4 diagonal viewing area. This is the equivalent of an 11 CRT. Color LCD equation chart Technology Contrast Ratio Response Viewing Angle Price Passive Matrix 201 300 ms Medium Medium Active Matrix 601 80 ms High High 3). flatulency PlasmaGas-plasma display is a type of flat display screen, called a flat-panel display, used in some portable computers. Images on gas-plasma displays generally appear as orange objects on a black background. Although gas-plasma displays produce very sharp monochrome images, they require much more power than the more common LCD displays. Technology A grid of conductors are sealed surrounded by two flat plates of glass neon and/or argon gas fills the space between the plates. Comparison Of LCDs and Gas-Plasma Disp lays Type Readability Battery Life Cost LCD Lowest Longest Lowest Gas plasma High Shortest.

The Love Affair of Calixta and Alcee as the Storm Essay Example for Free

The Love role of Calixta and Alcee as the Storm EssayThe Storm by Kate Chopin is a story of deuce people who atomic number 18 already married with their respective partners but still looked for bliss from other persons- their respective paramours. Both Calixta and Alcee screw that they are both married and should be settled in their respective lives. However, they still had a versed regain one day when Calixta was left all by herself in their house while her preserve and her son were stranded somewhere because of the storm. In this story, the storm symbolizes both the physical circumstances that the characters were experiencing and the irritationate encounter that happened between the paramours. I think that the sexual love affair of Calixta and Alcee is nonhing else but wrong both for the two of them and their respective families. It is noticed that during the sexual encounter, both are not with their respective partners. Calixtas husband Bobinots whereabouts chamber potnot be observed because of the storm that might have endangered his life. Calixta was in her vulnerable state because apart from being only she does not know what just happened to her husband. In the words of Chopin Calixta put her hands in her eyes, and with a cry, staggered backward.Alcees weapon system encircled her, and for an instant he drew her close and spasmodically to him (1993). In other words, she was trying to play happiness and comfort during these times that Alcee was there at the right moment. At the same time, Alcees wife was to a fault far away from him with their children. This suggests the same argument already mentioned. The same as Calixta, Alcee is also yearning for happiness and comfort that his wife cannot give because of the distance. My disagreement to the love affair of the two can be explained by Dennis Pragers The Missing Tile Syndrome.Prager asserted that In life there will always be tiles lose (1995). He said that life could never be complete no matter how we cute it to be or no matter how we strive for it. The missing tiles in our lives are likened to something or someone that we wanted to have we cannot help but think about it all the time. The analogy goes like this when we look up at the ceiling, whenever there is a missing tile, we lean to focus on that missing spot on the verge of getting fixated into it.Because of this, the two characters tend to focus on the absence of their partners that they find themselves unhappy and uncomfortable. Moreover, they are prone to making mistakes as Prager has mentioned People act more decently when they are happy (1993). When they arent, they tend to veer towards the bad side. Moreover, the love affair would lead to pain and suffering of their respective families. This is because even when the closing of the story says So the storm passed and every one was happy (Chopin, 1993) suggests a resolution to the problem, I trust it is otherwise.The reconciliation of Calixta and her hu sband does not count as a happily ever after hymeneals because what was being presented were only intentions and not actions. Prager wrote that what we do, not what we intend, is what counts (1995). He asserted there is no way we can ascertain motive because it is a state of the mind. The love of Calixta to her husband was not shown when she merely said, Oh Bonibot You too salutary fo anything. At the same time, the letter that were sent by Alcee to his wife were also manifestations of intention and not actions which were likewise unreliable.Alcee Laballiere wrote to his wife, Clarisse, that night. It was a loving letter, full of tender solicitude (Chopin, 1993). Even with this, we cannot be sure of the love and devotion of Alcee to his wife. This suggests that their respective families may be in danger of falling apart because the actions of love and passion by Calixta and Alcee are not for their respective partners and families but for somebody else.References Chopin, K. (1993). The Storm. Nineteen-Century Stories by Women. USA Broadview Press. Prager, D. (1995). find a Second Time. Michigan The University of Michigan Press.

Glass Roses Essay Example for Free

Glass Roses EssayWhat does a child have to go through to have the courage to live his life for himself? The Glass Roses by Alden Nowlan highlights the conflicts within the main character, Stephen, a fifteen-year-old scrawny teenager working with his contract in the woods. He has been brought up in an environ custodyt where there is a predetermined set idea of what It means to be a mam The protagonist either has to follow in the footsteps of his father or pursue his desires to embrace others and show compassion. The fellowships he develops and the ideas he grasps from his so called outcast partner named Leka teach him more about buzz offing up hence his father ever did. But what really troubles Stephen is mustering up enough courage to change what the preconceived imprint of what cosmos a man really means and if those around him are willing to accept what being a man means to him. A glass rose can be seen as a fragile replica of what a real rose actually is. Glass needs to b e handled with care, it is washed-out and is not given the a interchangeable(p) admiration and appreciation as the one and only(a)s we contract in nature.Although this Is completely up to the person, ltx safe to say that I speak for the majority of people. Earlier in the story Leka has nightmares and twists and turns in hump as the night goes on and Stephen constantly is there to wake him up. Stephen is the only one to do so among all the men. This shows that he Is undoubtedly the most caring of the group, and showing any kind of emotion isnt something his father would approve of. I believe that he truly cares for others but must only do so openly a man. Theres a part in the story where Leka and Stephen are getting along and dismount to regularly speak indulgently to one another at bed time.Stephen wants to be just deal his father but doesnt want to change in order to do so. Its clear that he has soft side, Men did not tell one another fairy tales about cathedrals. But his father and the men at the bunkhouse need neer know. This line makes me think about Stephen as having a split personality, one being an aspiring prodigy of his father, the other being a completely different individual ardent to be himself. It appears as if he has to act a certain way and if he acts any different, he forces himself back into that narrow mentality.I feel sorry for him and the fact that hes struggling so much to find himself while having the expectations of his father watching over him and breathing down his neck as he lives his life. exclusively this makes him panic in the face of decision and a hesitant Stephen always turns back to his fathers notion of a man when in doubt. I always had friends in my age group so my parents werent really come to about older kids taking advantage of me. I also have learned that parents can always see things in others that we may not see for ourselves in our younger ages.Towards the end of the story, Stephens father pulls him defle xion and speaks to him seriously about his concerns of Leka. He mentions the touchy gestures he uses when he speaks such as pat and poke, things that Stephen never really picked up on. Once again it makes e think of the homosexuality hidden in the friendship they have and maybe that is why they outcast Leka. Them Wops and Bohunks and Polacks has gotta lotta funny ideas. They aint our kinda people. You gotta watch them in this line he hints to his son that Lekas intentions may not completely be friendly.Having to be told about one of his own friends is the same as questioning his own decisions, kind of like questioning his manliness. Just make that Polack keep his hand off you. IVe seen fellers like him before. As much as it is fatherly to look out for your son, it makes Stephen feel like less of a man. All this talk gets into his head, I know this because I know if my father was this come to about one of my friends it would definitely about waking Leka during his nightmares.The s tory ends and personally I believe that Stephen has dogged to take the risk of becoming a man outside of the beliefs of his father and co-workers. Hes brought it upon himself to define what it means to grow up for himself, his own choices give detail to his character and knows that nobody but himself needs to be contented in order for him to live his life. The final decision of waking up Leka shows me that he hasnt changed and trusts his own intuition.

Deutsche Brauerei Essay Example for Free

Deutsche Brauerei testifyThe agenda attached (EXHIIBT 1) became the focus of Ms. Greta Schweitzers concentration for the next 24 hours. She relied on her team from her EMBA correct in Frankfurt to assist her with the urgeations she would need to address this board tomorrow morning. Upon initial analysis, it became obvious that DB was in trouble with respect to the Ukraine market, much less the proposed capital expansion. Several items alarmed the team when we hold the statements from both Lukas Schweitzer and Oleg Pinchuk. The sales and marketing manager has an obviously different approach than that which made DB productive in the past. Oleg Pinchuk has extended credit to its distributors which is causing a rise in sales and accordingly an affix in his salary (as it is based on sales). This needs to be corrected given such a volatile environment and this firms recent history, a person in his position should imbibe a salary based on accounts receivable collections, rather t han sales. Perhaps hence, his discretion would be much restrictive with respect to extension of credit.Furthermore, if the distributors are in fact expanding and enhancing their stores by purchasing new equipment and restocking inventories, then obviously they have the cash to pay DB for their outstanding invoices. This raises considerable questions regarding the prudence of trade-credit extensions and compensation packages offered Mr. Pinchuk, and accordingly, we recommend his termination. A new salary structure and job description delineating required results can be negotiated with Mr. Pinchuks replacement.When considering adopting the budget for 2001, we must consider the proposed expansion and investments in new plant and equipment (warehouse and distribution center). With the overuse of nobble term debt and a borrowing rate over 2% higher than the government rate, it will be impossible to finance this capital expansion. We can non recommend approval of the budget in its curr ent form. There is not enough cash being collected, too much inventory carried on behalf of the distributors, too much precarious short term debt and too many capital improvements budgeted to justify this expansion.Without actually collecting cash from the receivables, we do not recommend declaring any additional dividends, as indicated in the budget. Historically, declared and paid dividends were right at or below $2,000 (in thousands of Euros) and the proposed budget increases those to well over $3,200. We recommend restricting dividends declared to what was done in the past, without any increase. Once collections are received and with the change in marketing, credit policies, and inventory control, the company would be in a better financial position to pay additional dividends.As a event of final note, we strongly urge the Board of Directors of DB to consider the short term effects of expanding into a new market economy. The Ukraine is just transitioning into becoming a market economy (experiencing supply and demand that guides the parceling of resources). Such a transition is politically and socially difficult for businesses because of rising inflation, unemployment, and economic uncertainty. We have overserious questions about the vitality of DB and whether it can survive until the long term benefits of this transition are realized.

Anti-Cancer Drug Screening in Vitro Essay Example for Free

Anti-Cancer medicate Screening in Vitro EssayIntroductionThe incidences of enkindlecer remain high despite advances in our reason of cancer. Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out of laterality cubicle climb upth. Normal carrells argon evermore subject to signals that control whether the cubicle should divide, differentiate into another prison electric electric jail cellular telephone or die. Cancer cells develop a degree of independence from these signals, which results in uncontrolled growth and proliferation. If this proliferation is allowed to continue and spread, it can be fatal (1). around 90% of cancer-related deaths atomic number 18 due to metastasis the complex process of tumor spread through the lymphatic system of rules or bloodstream. The emergence of genomic technologies holds therapeutic potential for personalized cancer management. Personalized cancer management combines exemplar chemotherapy and radiation treatments with genomic pro filing and in vitro cell proliferation studies. Individualized genomic profiling allows the researcher to identify specific genes that sum up to unregulated cellular mechanisms that radiation diagramly control cellular growth.By determining the molecular profile of a specific cancer, suitable treatment can be considered that target those gene products (2). Cultured cancer cells soak up the capacity to dramatically exceed normal doubling times to almost indefinite levels, unlike normal cells. HeLa cells are a great example of this. One of the most widely apply continuous cell lines in research is the HeLa cell line, which was derived in 1951 from Henrietta Lacks, a cervical caner patient in 1951. These cells continue to grow and proliferate in hundreds of laboratories across the world to this day. These cancer cells get to been called Immortal as they have bypassed the senescence regulators within the cell and acquired the capacity for unlimited division. Measurement of cell vi ability and proliferation forms the basis for numerous in vitro assays of a cell populations response to external factors. The decrease of tetrazolium salts is now widely accepted as a reliable route to examine cell proliferation.MTT viability assays is establish on the ability of a mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme from feasible cells to cleave the tetrazolium rings of the pale yellow MTT and form a dark blue formazan crystals, which is largely impermeable to cell membranes, thus resulting in its accumulation within healthy cells. The resultingintracellular purple formazan can be solubilized and quantified by a spectrometer and is then(prenominal) subject to examination to evaluate cell viability. These vizorments can be use to evaluate the effectuateiveness of certain treatments to cells. These anti-cancer do dosess in vitro allows doses to be tried against live cells which helps determine drug effectiveness and side effects.Cell proliferation, in like manner known as cell growth, cell division, or cell replication is the basic process through which cells form new cell. Cell proliferation is the increase in cell number as a result of cell division and growth. The quantification of cellular growth, including proliferation and viability, has become an essential scratch in any laboratory working on cell-based studies. These techniques enable the optimization of cell culture conditions, and the last of growth factor and cytokine activity.Even more importantly, the efficiency of therapeutic agents in drug screening, the cytostatic potential of antitumor compounds in toxicology testing, and cell-mediated toxicity can be assessed when quantifying cell growth (3). This practical is designed to evaluate the sensitiveness and response of putative anti-cancer drugs using a modified anti-proliferative drug assay. Using a modified MTT drug assay, the sensitivity and response of anti-cancer drugs can be determined. In this blind trial, trio unlabeled drug s are tested to discover their properties. The trial of these drugs was carried as a blind trial to insure that the results obtained with unbiased.ResultsIn this practical, we were accustomed three drugs. One of the drugs had no known anti-cancer properties one was a known chemotherapeutic agent and the one-third was a mystery drug with putative anti-cancer properties. The HeLa cells were also treated with a no-drug, medium-only control. The objective of the break down was to identify the spirit of the unlabeled drugs. The identities of these three drugs were unknown in order to make the experiment a blind trial. Doing the study as a blind trial allowed any bias selective information to be avoided in data interpretation (2).CalculationsFrom the raw data obtained chromatography column 0 acts as the control, this column contains the HeLa cells but no drug, and is used to see if the unknown drugs A,B andC have an effect on the viability of HeLa cells. The last row on the 96 well p lates contained no HeLa cells and acted as a reference to observe whether column 0 contained living cells. When the absorbance mensurate for column 0 was similar to the no cell entertain, that data set would be ignored, as this would depict no cells were get in column 0 which would have been invalid as column 0 contained medium only. This method was applied when choosing appropriate data sets for data interpretation.DiscussionIn this study we were given three drugs. One of the drugs had no known anti-cancer properties, one had a known chemotherapeutic agent and the third was a mystery drug with putative anti-cancer properties. The objective of this blind trial study was to identify the record of these unlabeled drugs.By observing the overall averages from the results (Table 1 Figure 1) we can conclude that drug A had the highest percentage cell viability out of the three drugs. The percentage nourish of A is similar to the percentage value of the control (0). The control cons isted of a medium-only solution and not meant to effect the cell viability of HeLa cells at all, this implies that medicate A has no anti-cancer properties and has little effect on the HeLa cells viability. From this data we can conclude that Drug A was the drug with no known anti-cancer properties ( interdict control). By observing the percentage cell viability of drug B, we can conclude that drug B had the smallest cell viability value that was close to 0%.Small percentage viability indicates that there is a reduction in cell proliferation occurring in the HeLa cell line, however 0% cell viability would indicate that there are no viable cells in the well, meaning there was a complete reduction in cell proliferation. Lack of cell proliferation means an absence of mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenase activity to metabolize MTT into its results purple formazan, producing a let down absorbance value (4). From this we can conclude that drug B has anti-cancer properties as it had a la rge negative effect on HeLa cell viability. By observing drug C, we can determine that drug C also has a relatively low percentage cell viability value. This would indicate that drug C, like drug B, has a negative effect on cell viability, meaning it arrives a reduction in cell proliferation in HeLa cells.From this we can conclude that Drug C also had anti-cancer properties as it had a negative effect on HeLa cell viability. At this point, two drugs have yet to be identified, Drug B and Drug C. two Drug B and Drug C have anti-cancer properties, shown by their low cell viabilities values. A affirmatory control will be a drug that will give a large cell viability percentage. From this, we would conclude that Drug B was the positive control with a chemotherapeutic agent leaving Drug C to be the mystery drug. However we cannot accept this without actually knowing what the mystery drugs anti-cancer properties are. The mystery drug could have stronger anti-cancer properties than the po sitive control. In this scenario, Drug B would be the mystery drug as it detect the lowest cell viability, making it the most effective against cancer cells. For this reason, we cannot accurately identify drugs B and C without more information about the mystery drug.However if we accept that the mystery drug has a smalleffect on cancer cells than the positive control, we would then conclude that Drug B is the positive control and Drug C is the mystery drug. If we observe the overall data used to calculate the average cell viability percentages for each drug, we can see there are values higher than 100% and values start than 0% (negative values). Values higher than 100% would indicate that there are more viable cells present in drug A compared to our control. Since we know drug A has no effect on the cancer cells, we would expect the cell viability of drug A to be similar to the control. These anomalies could be due to cell proliferation in the drug A column, meaning the HeLa cell s grew and divided to create new cells, meaning the number of cells in column A increased, resulting in a higher absorbance value, due to the increase in MTT reduction. A higher absorbance value in the no cell row compared to the drug B column results in a negative value.Absorbance values that are lower than the control cells indicate a reduction in the rate of cell proliferation. Conversely a higher absorbance rate indicates an increase in cell proliferation. Values lower than 0% would indicate that there are fewer cells present in the drug B wells compared to the no cell wells. This could be due to human error where cells where accidently transferred due to poor lab technique, or been caused by a high absorbency of the buffer used in the no cell row. In this study, the reduction of the MMT is used to estimate cell viability and proliferation. However recent studies have shown that superoxide can also reduce tetrazolium salts, such as MTT. Therefore studies investigating the cytol ogical effect of HeLa cells may encounter misleading results when using MTT to measure viability proliferation. This is because MTT assays may yield inaccurate results due to the increase in superoxide formation in polite HeLa cells (7).This kind of limitation may have played apart in this study and could have caused our defective values discussed in the paragraph above. To overcome this limitation, we could use different techniques to measure cell viability. One way of assessing cytotoxicity is by cell integrity. Compounds that have cytotoxic effects, such as the drugs we are investigating, often compromise cell membrane integrity. An example of this method is a Tryphan Blue exclusion test (10). This exclusion test can be used to determine the number of viable cells present in a cell suspension. It is based on the principle that viable cells have intact cell membranes that are impermeable to dyes,such a trypan blue, whereas dead cells do not. In this test, a cell suspension is mi xed with the tryphan blue dye and then visually examined to determine whether cells take up or exclude the dye (11). A viable cell will have a clear cytoplasm whereas a dead cell will have a blue cytoplasm.Tryphan blue is not affected by superoxide formation so will yield more accurate results than the MTT assay. The problems that arise from dye exclusion tests is that they are operator depend and are subject to human error. Another way of assessing cell viability via membrane integrity is by using weak desoxyribonucleic acid binding dyes such as SYBR Green I (10). SYBR Green I is a light dye used as a nucleic acid dye. SYBR Green I binds to DNA and the resulting DNA-dye-complex absorbs blue light and emits green light (9). This is based on the principle that an increase in cell proliferation will cause an increase of DNA in the cell suspension. More SYBR Green 1 will bind to the DNA and more green light will be observed under blue light.

History of Retail Industry Essay Example for Free

History of Retail Industry Essay department stores were gradually introduced which gave customers a chance to choose between bell ringers and products at one location. From JC Penney founded in 1902, to Piggly Wiggly in 1916 who was the first to offer checkout lines and self service. In 1961, Tar win was founded with Wal-Mart in 1962 and Kohls right behind them in 1963. It wasnt long and Best Buy, Kmart, TJ Maxx, Costco, and legion(predicate) much sell stores opened their doors to the labor of shopping. It didnt reserve long for the retail sedulousness to teach off and attract consumers of all kinds with the convenience of shopping and with it ame an determine as well. From department stores to grocery stores they transformed their ways of selling to gives customers not only the products they want hardly the atmosphere that was appealing. With Wal-Mart opening its doors in 1962 it made the 1960s the revolution in the world of retail. Today, retail industry is booming, yes with the recession it hurt around of the smaller tradinges but for the most part they pitch stayed afloat. We did lose some big retail concernes in 2008 much(prenominal) as Linens N Things, Mervyns and Circuit City.With this being said, the retail industry needs to make s shoot downholders understand the role in the industry to table service protect and improve their repute as well as build the confidence in consumers. Corporate stakeholders start out to be much than a moral responsibility to the order. They need to be a part of much more from how much consumers spend to supporting key policy issues and in the end will change the sh arholder value. Social, Economic, and political Setting The retail industry does a lot for the social and economic setting. Wal-Mart alone does a massive deal for the communities where their stores atomic number 18 located. Not only do they provide jobs for around 1. 5 million people, they as well as have competitive pricing to help lo cal economies. Their competitive pricing brings in more than 312 gazillion dollars.So not only is Wal-Mart a thriving company they believe in a family earn culture as well as supporting their local communities. Many retail stores leave a big footprint in their communities and worldwide. They rally around charities and do their part to put a cast on the map. On the other hand, most in the retail industry try to keep business and politics separate which seems to be the safest position to take. Some retail businesses like Wal-Mart and Coca Cola are open to their affiliation with the Republi merchant ship Party and seems to help their image with the traditional consumers but most do not want to take a chance of offending their customer base. Domestic and International ethicsStarbucks who opened their doors in 1971 to forty-one year later they have become a spherical company with more than 19,000 stores in 60 different countries. They have made the Ethicsphere Institutes World most Ethical Company List for six straight years. They introduced the Ethical Coffee sourcing program in 2001 to help farms in Central and South America improve their crops while remaining surroundally aware. They helped local nurseries arrange over 200,000 seedlings to restore natural forest cover as well as decreasing the work of herbicides and chemical fertilizers with farmers. They also helped train farmers to help digest the habituate of deoxycytidine monophosphate by replacing more than 200,000 trees. Ecological and Natural ResourcesThe retail industry has regulations made by the Environmental Protection Agency that they have to comply by to meet regulatory obligations as well as helping reduce environmental impacts such as dissipation management, product selection and construction of new facilities. Retail businesses may have state regulations to comply by as well as Federal regulations. Many in the retail industry are taking great strides to help impact the environment. The re are four areas that super impact the environment. One is the choice of raw materials for clothing has big impacts on the environment. Cotton is cognise for its mean use of water and pesticides and the so called natural dyes that rely on the harvest of millions of insects to reach the naturalcolor.The hour is manufacturing. Textile dyeing and finishing mills can be high producers of water pollution and carbon dioxide emissions and by improving their mills to reduce water, energy and chemical use can really reduce the footprint of their global supply chain. The third is transportation which unfortunately manufacturers and retailers are on other ends of the earthly concern which any mode of transportation sends some sort of pollution into the environment. The last impact is consumer care which many consumers may not even be aware of how a few simple steps can help reduce environmental impacts tremendously. One is washing in cold water and air drying if possible. teetotal cleani ng is another risk to the environment due to the chemical that is used to clean the clothes called perchloroethylene which has been known to cause many health effects with exposure to this in high levels. So it is not bonnie the retail businesses that can help make changes to better our environment it also falls on the shoulders of designers to use fabrics that dont require dry cleaning and to the consumers that purchase to make choices that help the environment. Clean by Design launched their program in 2009 to help reduce the environmental impacts by using buying antecedent of multinational corporations by improving processes in the environment to reducing emissions and waste.It is astonishing to see by 2011 that Target, Wal-Mart, Gap, Levis, HampM, Nike and Li amp Fung are all participating in this program and hopefully they corporations will continue to get in board and the list will continue to grow. Social Issues In todays full of life and unstable business world of retail industry they are ever so faced with social issues such as customer choices, brutal competitors, complex global economy and the use of the internet. Retailers are constantly seek to find new ways to make their business more profitable and ways to get more shoppers through their doors. Retail industry has caught on to engaging with society and the consumers on a personal level. They are adapting and changing to the environment around them and constantly developing new ways to serve their customers with trust and brand loyalty.Just like forest Company did in 2008 by making a nutrition commemorate on their shoe box to show the environmental impact it has from beginning to de operatery of the shoe. The company did this in hopes of giving consumers the information they need to make environmentally smart decisions on buying. Not only did Timberland Company do this they also comprised their shoe box that is made up of 100 percent recycled post-consumer waste fiber, no chemical glues an d only soy-based inks to print labels. Timberland is just one of many retail stores that take a stand on social issues. Target is another big business in the business industry that comes to mind.From opening its doors in 1988, Target has always tried to be a step supra in the industry with the competitive edge logos to their reputation for low prices and offering organic foods in their superstores. They always try to maintain their mission statement which reads, to make Target your preferred shopping endpoint in all channels by delivering outstanding value, continuous innovation and exceptional guest experiences by consistently fulfilling our Expect More. Pay Less. brand promise. They not only cater to the consumers they are extremely heterogeneous with schools and the communities that surround them. They are partnered with St. Jude which is a huge plus for them and provide disaster relief and are always raising funds for our countrys children.Another company that has taking grea t strides to make their view in this economy just as their mission statement says to Inspire and nurture the human olfactory sensation one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. Rating of the industrys general social responsiveness I believe the retail industry for the most part is trying to take the right steps to make a difference in the economy and help insure the environment is first priority. Over the years we have seen so many big corporations leave footprints in the global economy as well as making the appropriate changes to better the community and environment we live in. References Retail. (2010). Retrieved from http//www. ceres. org/roadmap-assessment/sector-analyses/retail Wal-Mart. (2012, December 9).History timeline. Retrieved from http//corporate. walmart. com/our-story/heritage/history-timeline https//corporate. target. com/about/history/Target-through-the-years (2012, March). In Starbucks Ethical Coffee Sourcing and husbandman Report. Retrieved Novembe r 8, 2012, from http//assets. starbucks. com/assets/6e52b26a7602471dbff32c9e66e685e3. pdf Clean by design. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. nrdc. org/international/cleanbydesign The evolution of retailing. (2009, 12). Retrieved from http//www. kpmg. com/CN/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/Evolution-retailing-o-200912. pdf Ken, A. (2012, March 31). Wal-mart company.

Attack on Pearl Harbour Essay Example for Free

Attack on Pearl Harbour screenAttack on Pearl Harbour * On the morning of celestial latitude 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a awe air round out on the U. S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. subsequently just two hours of bombing, more than 2,400 Americans were dead, 21 ships had either been sunk or damaged, and more than 188 U. S. aircraft destroyed * U. S. chuck out its policy of isolationism and declared struggle on Japan the interest day officially bringing the get together States into World War II. The Japanese were tired of negotiations with the linked States* They wanted to continue their expansion within Asia unless the United States had placed an extremely restrictive embargo on Japan in the hopes of curbing Japans infringement * Rather than giving in to U. S. demands, the Japanese decided to launch a surprise attack against the United States in an attempt to destroy the United States naval power even before an official announcement of war was given * T he morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began. At 600 a. m. the Japanese aircraft carriers began launching their planes amid rough sea * The American Navy was completely unaware that an attack was imminent * Attacking the U. S. aircraft on Oahu was an essential component of the Japanese attack plan * The Japanese were believed that in destroying a large portion of the U. S. airplanes, then they could proceed unhindered in the skies above Pearl Harbor. Plus, a counter-attack against the Japanese attack force would be much more unlikely * By 945 a. m. , just less than two hours after the attack had begun, the Japanese planes left Pearl Harbor and headed bear to their aircraft carriers.The attack on Pearl Harbor was over * The death toll among Americans was quite high. A impart of 2,335 servicemen were killed and 1,143 were wounded. Sixty-eight civilians were also killed and 35 were wounded * At 1230 p. m. on the day following the attack on Pearl Harbor, P resident Franklin D. Roosevelt gave an address to Congress in which he declared that December 7, 1941 was a date that will live in infamy. * At the end of the speech, Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan, officially bringing the United States into World War II

Child Labour Essay Example for Free

baby bird moil EssayI.INTRODUCTIONIn a developing coarse homogeneous the Filipinos, the child industry phenomenon remains widespread. Today, we find hundreds of thousands of Filipino children being deprived of the oppurt strickleionate unity to sh atomic number 18 in the prospects of organic evolution. The entre of the opportunity is close on them simply because their childhood is wasted in premature wrick (ILD 1994) instead than nurtured in shallow and at bestow. And doubtedly, more stand witnesses to this bleak scenario in the becomeforce. How the lives of this children are apparently located at risk of infection and how they are clearly cheated of their basic rights and privileges take in stimulated a sounding natter for an immense public cognizance and a prolific action on the child force back issue. Child push is a long standing problem (ILO 1993 26), that has been rapidly creaping from the midst of frugal, social, and moral crisis. Hence, this papers loosely aims to propagate awerness well-nigh child fatigue particularly, the current situation her in 6the Philippines. It has three major intentionives. First, it unabated to present current facts and data about the child labor condition in the Philippines. Second, it attempts to discuss crucial runs about the child labor issue. And finally, it aims to waken concern individuals and bring fort a worth eon realization, concern, and utmost action and this matter.A.What is child labor?Filipinos re smilingly wide aware of the prevalence o child labor here in the Philippines yet, knowingly or unknowingly, umteen remain inadequately intercommunicate and aware of child labors real score. The idea of child labor would concretely leads us to a honey oil general nonion, that is, children being make fun through forced labor. This is the concept, which inevitably sticks to anyone who hears about the issue. Hence, we essential remember that child labor implies a broader concern so purposely, there is much to be adhered about child labor and what it substantially means. To further understand this concern, let us set answers to these questions When is child labor considered ethical? Illegal?Child release refers to gainful achievement of children be gloomy15 historic period of age ( Torres 1995 2). It means the output of goods and services either on a full-time or part-time basis as performed by children in both the formal and informal sectors. Recent studies in the Philippine noned child engagement in the spare-time activity areas of naturalise agricultural plantations, small handicraft shops, home-based sub-contracting industries, commercial establishments, house clenchs alley trades, and opposite small-scale business ventures.Work among children, is non wrong. Children, as part of the traditional Filipino cultivation are taught to incline at an early age by their families. This true particularly in Philippine agricultural communities were farm ing is considered a family affair and the farm household is equivalent to one production unit (Torres 19952).Work for children however, becomes unacceptable and objectionable if it falls under any of the following circumstances.One, if the work is hazardous to the attend and morals of the children such as night work, heavy work, or work in the streets which exposes the children to drug abuse and sexual views. Two, if the conditions of work are exploitative, as in instances when they require long running(a) hours, provide low pay, and are used as substitute for adult labor. And lastly, if the work prevents children from obtaining education which is their right and privilege in any society (Torres 1995 2).Child labor is the inauspiciousegal employment of children below the age of 15, where they are not directly under the sole responsibility of their parents or illegal guardian or the latter employs other proletarians, apart from their children, who are not members of their famil ies or their work endangers their life, safety, health, and morals or impairs their normal development including schooling. It also includes the situation of children below the age of 18 who are employed in hazardous conditions. (Representatives 19943)B.What is current child labor situation in the Philippines?The current child labor situation in the Philippines has recently raced abundant concern. In the 1995 Children Survey conducted by DOLE, results revealed that about three in every twenty children have worked in the past year. Males compromised two-thirds of the working(a) children.The proportion of working manlikes increases with age. Looking at the sex ratio, the ratio of working male to every one hundred working egg-producing(prenominal) increases from 171 for age group 5 to 9 years to 181 for age group 10 to14 years. The absolute increase doubles as the children reach the working age of 15. For age group 15 to17, there are 200 working males for every 100 working female s or 2 males for every1 female. (NSO 1995). working male children out number females in both urban and country areas. 2/3 of working children lives in the rural areas. This maybe due to unpaid farm work participated in by family members during planting and /or harvesting seasons.Based on the1995 children of the Philippines Survey, Only 69.8% reported to have attended school during school years 1994-1995 and 1995 to 1996. They compromised mostly of male working children (62.5%), out numbering the female working children (38.5%).Working children from the rural areas have higher school attendance (67.3%) tha those from the urban areas (32.7%). Most of these working children reported the same kind of problems encountered in schooling. Ranked, as the first three problems were high cost of school supplies/books/transportations, school distance from the residence is too far, and difficulty in catching up with lessons (NSO 1995).Working children inevitably experience octuple work-related problems.Only 2 out of 10 children express that they did not encounter any problem in relation to their work. The rest, however, said that they experienced one or more work related problems. Among these problems experienced by them arecoming home exhausted from work, doing heavy physical work, work being stressful, boredom from work and that their work is risky or dangerous. (NSO1995).Children remained in the custody for a common significant reason. Survey results showed that majority or 60.1% of the total working children who prefer to remain in the workforce sited improvement in the living conditions of their households as the main reason for working. In the urban areas, only 56.4% cited improvements in living conditions as the main reason while in the rural areas, the proportion reaches 62%. This is following the notion that families in the urban areas have recrudesce living conditions than those in the rural areas.These facts and data guarantee the growing concern of children labors prevalence to the present Philippine society.C.Why is child labor very rampant in our Philippine society now a days?The prevalence of child labor in the Philippines has been attributed to multiple factors. While want is apparently the principal factor. The Philippines being a third valet country, Child labor is symptomatic of broader social disorganization resulting from urbanization, industrial development, and economic recession, and the shifting models of production (Torres 1995 3). With the advent of economic globalization, awareness of the incidence of child labor in the third humanity nations is growing rapidly in the industrialize counties as the Philippines. Hence, Many Filipino many children work for the very reason that their families are suffering.Though poverty is the most significant cause of child labor, other factors greatly contribute as well. Cultural value may also drive children in to employment. Children in Filipino farm agricultural households are e valuate to participate in farm production. Parents also affirmed that teaching children hoe to work is important and they fetch Work related task as if it work play activities (Torres 1995 3). This scenario is likely triggered by the traditional Filipino values of close families ties andkinship by which each family member is expected to contribute to help livelihood the family moving and survive. These persuasions make easier for children to accept work as part their routine.It is also a question of social attitudes. The fact that many children work because there is a little else they can do is an educator of ill social attitudes. Schools are unavailable, in adequate or expensive the education, which is provide is a related to the world of work. The structural adjustments program, which many third world countries have under taken, has also unfortunately ment as stern cut back in investment in the social sector.Political condition also interacts with economic factors that make ch ild labor possible. Counter-insurgency campaigns have lead to dislocation of families, and the lost of parents forcing children to work for their own survival. Undoubtedly, many Filipino children are victims of this grim political manipulation.On the demand side, research show that many children leased because they are more easily utilize than adults are. Employers prefer children because they are docile, In capable of collective negotiate and provideing to work to support their family or simply to survive. To have child labor means let down cost because children never complain with very low wages (Weissman 1997 18).All these, including other minor factors, play a productive part in rapid increase of child labor cases in the country.D.What is the risk faced by working children?Working children inevitably faced intolerance risk. Of millions of children who are working many toil in Slave-like (ILO 199354) or Hazardous conditions. There are all too many children in the work force that faced physical risk and hazard to their physical, social, intellect and psychological development. Survey results revealed that many Filipino working children have suffered from work related injuries such and othervarious risks are bear upon by this conditionThe attention span of children is usually limited and their judgement of dangerous situations may not be to develop. As they are not experience enough to cope with job responsibilities, ling hours of work and other job stresses that normal adults can cope within their daily chores, the impact of psychosocial stresses on a child in understandable more pronounced (GUST 199378).In the mere sense, the consequences are intolerably traumatic and devastating. These case of Filipino childA Filipino, barely ten years old, lost her sight, when another worker carelessly threw his cigarette but near a mound of gun powder that she was inserting into colorful bits of paper. The gunpowder exploited and with it went her sight. Working i n sub-human conditions, these childrens health soon gave way (Junior citizen Ed. 19962).Many types of work affect the intellectual and psychosocial development of the child. Work is detrimental to a child if it deprives him of his normal leisure, play and recreation, worse if he is deprived of his basic rights of education, parenting, and protection (Gust 199378). Such adverse conditions have been observed in bonded labor such as seen in feudalistic agriculture, in the participation of children in Muru-ami fishing and in domestic work.The intercommunicate psychological effects on working children was shown in this specific studyA study on the psychological profile of ten scavenger children from the Smoky Mountain in the Philippines was conducted in 1992. The results showed low levels of intellectual functioning of the scavengers of different age levels. It also demonstrated and inverse relationship between age and watchword quotient. That is, the intellectual scores of children d ecreased as age increased. To a certain point, there can attributed to thechildrens preoccupation with survival and lack of learning opportunities. (Gust 199381)Aside from these risks, we cannot do away with the fact that poor working conditions of children often bring along infectious illnesses. Combined with malnutrition, toxic substance used at work affect several organ systems like the brains and nerves sometimes irreversibly. Some researchers make then point that the unhealthy sanitation, over crowding, poor ventilation, and extremes of temperatures in the work environment are aggravated by poor conditions in the living environment therefore, making working children more susceptible to new infectious illnesses and injuries, and other work-related ailments.Descriptive studies of hazardous and demonstrates the different types of risksFirst, there is the hazardous process. Muro-ami fishing which practice in some fishing towns involves deep-sea diving without the use of protectiv e equipment. This method was reported as a notoriously hazardous process resulting in drowning, deaths and rapture eardrums. Second, there is the exposure of children to adverse physical working environment. icon to organic dust is widespread in farms and plantations and tha prevalence of respiratory diseases is high. Children also work in pay shops, woodwork and in construction with constant exposure to dust and fumes.Third, children are exposed to dangerous substances in both formal and informal sectors. No personal protective equipments where given to the children who often address chemicals with bare hands which was seen among those working in scavenging, in dumpsites, in gold processing, in leather industry, in garage, and in gasoline work. (Gust 1993 80)No work is too difficult for these children despite the great risk on their lives. Nevertheless, this makes child labor a visible act of exploitation.E. How can we eliminate child labor in our Philippine society?The problem is huge, needless to say, the weapon in store must be as extensive if not, stronger than the problem itself. All working children are basically at risk the ultimate object of society should therefore be the elimination of child labor. However, the problem of child labor will not be solving overnight. It is a large and complex problem (ILO1994 4). Some aspects of which are probably not yet capable of solution, for example, until a better knowledge and understanding can be gained, or until further progress has been made in addressing underlying social, cultural or economic factors. Given the multiple, over overlapping causes at child labor, no single approach will and the scourge (Weissmen 99716).The resources available for combating child labor are glaringly in adequate when set against the magnitude of the problem. But no progress will be made at all unless start is made somewhere. Ideally, the Philippine government has already grapple the need to establish priorities and the Phil ippine plan of action for children has set targets for the protection and rehabilitation of abuse and exploited working children and for banning of children in hazardous occupations or situations, with priority being accorded to disadvantaged, depressed, and undeserved families and communities. The Government-UNICEF child labor Plan of Operation also establishes priorities for action. There emphasis action at the local level, without which no scheme to combat child labor will be effective.And with the formation of the Sagip Batang Manggagawa, and Inter-agency Quick Action Program (SBMQAP), the Philippine government has apparently taken the challenge in astounding force. The said program is established to respond to cases of child laborers in extremely object conditions and shall be responsible for the provision of various services in relation to the search and rescue operation.Elimination of child labor may justify seem impossible. Truly, our chances are slim, but there is hope. Wi th these dynamic forces at hand, we can all look forward to a better and paragon future for the Filipino children.II. CONCLUSIONChild labor is an apparent hindrance to the economic, social, and moral development of the people and this country. This very uncharacteristic scenario in the workplace gradually yet tremendously cripples the countrys economy, destroys the ethical course of society, and deflates the standards of moral values. Nevertheless, that trend is a human tragedy(Senser 1997 18).A manifestation of the worlds cruelty to the immature and the innocent is what child labor is at its least. The children, being the most vulnerable group in the society, who are unfortunate victims of this inhuman condition have been greatly deprived of the incomputable chances they ought to venture. Sad to say, our very own Philippine society has failed to provide the teeming Filipino children that exceptionally ideal community they all deserve. Yet, what soothes us the least is the fact t hat the child labor situation in our country has not been left in the rug and forgotten. After all, we dream of nothing less butter to hold strong in our pursuit of saving the Filipino children from falling into this bleak exigency. Let not young souls be smothered out before. They do quaint deeds and fully flaunt their price. It is the worlds one crime its babes grow dull (Linsay1997 9)Bibliography Gust, E. 1993. Safety and Health Hazards to Working Children, Bangkok International Labour Office International Labour Organization. 1994 . Attacking Child Labour in the Philippines and Indicative frame work for Philippine-ILO Action Geneva International Labour Office International Labour Organization 1993. Inter-Regional workshop on Improvement of Effectiveness of Enforcement of Child Labour Legislation. Bangkok International Labour Office. Lindsay, Vachel 1997 The Leaden- Eyed , Sunstar, May24, page 9. case Statisticas office. Children of the Philippines Manila 1995 Senser, Robert A . 997 Global Economy and Child labor. Sunstar, May 26 pages 1 and 8.