Organizational Life Cycle Essay -- essays research papers

Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL LIFE CYCLE Organizational Life Cycle Organizational Life Cycle Organizations go through different life cycles similar to those of people. For example, people go through infancy, child-hood and early-teenage phases, which are characterized by rapid growth over a short period of time. Similarly, Organizations go through start-up, growth, maturity, decline, renewal and death. Employees in these phases often do whatever it takes to stay employed. (Ciavarella, 2001) In the start-up phase of an organizational life cycle, employees are eager to make a name for themselves and often act impulsively, making highly reactive decisions based on whatever is going on around them at the moment. Struggling to survive. This is just one of the many challenges a manager will face during this phase of change. To help staff understand the complexities of the early phase of organizational development. The manager must provide a clear understanding of the purpose of the organization to the employees. Emphasizing the importance of recognizing the direction the company is going and how its methods of working can be improved. Plus, explaining the identification of general objectives would lead to the clarification of responsibilities and purpose at each level of the organization. When a manager discusses these issues with his team, he is encouraging ownership by the employees. (Moore, 2004) The distinction between the start-up and growth stages in not easily defined. The distinction lies in the revenues, profits are stronger and are consistent with an increase in customers, as well as, new and exciting opportunities for the employees to pursue. Managers can look forward to many managerial challenges, perspective policy issues and re-evaluating the business plan for revisions. A manager’s focus should be in the running of the business, with a greater emphasis on accounting and human resource management systems. New staff will have to be hired, trained and prepared for the influx of business. Managers should be ready to teach the importance of decision-making skills and reinforcing organizational policy. Avoiding hasty, careless decisions, which can have devastating results on the manager's unit or the entire organization. Decisions made with forethought, using the many managerial tools available will lead to better and more profitable operatio... ...ity of purpose and direction for an organization. We create and maintain the internal environment in which people can become fully involved in achieving the organization's objectives. Managers are responsible for changing behaviors. Which is probably the most critical area in the organizational life cycle. Finally, managers empower and involve people to achieve the organization's objective. (Lester, Parnell, & Carraher, 2003) References Adizes, I. (2004, Mar/Apr). Embrace One Problem After Another. Industrial Management, 46(2), pp. 18; pp.7. Ciavarella, M. A. (2001). High Involvement Environments to the Organization Life Cycle: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Approach. Academy of Management Proceedings, , pp. C1; pp. 6. Lester, D. L., Parnell, J. A., & Carraher, S. (2003). Organizational Life Cycle: A Five Stage Empirical Scale. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(4), pp. 339; pp. 16. Middlebrook, B., Caruth, D., & Frank, R. (1984, Summer 85). Overcoming Resistance to Change. Management Journal, 50(3), pp. 23. Moore, G. A. (2004, Jul/Aug). Darwin and the Demon: Innovating Within Established Enterprises. Harvard Business Review, 82(7/8), pp. 86; pp. 7.

What do you understand to be the concept of entrepreneurship and why Es

What do you understand to be the concept of entrepreneurship and why has it become such an important area of focus? Q2) What do you understand to be the concept of entrepreneurship and why has it become such an important area of focus? The concept of entrepreneurship is often viewed as a function, which involves the exploitation of opportunities, which exist within a market. Such exploitation is most commonly associated with the direction and/or combination of productive inputs. Entrepreneurs usually are considered to bear risk while pursuing opportunities, and often are associated with creative and innovative actions. In addition, entrepreneurs undertake a managerial role in their activities, but routine management of an ongoing operation is not considered to be entrepreneurship. In this sense entrepreneurial activity is fleeting. An individual may perform an entrepreneurial function in creating an organization, but later is relegated to the role of managing it without performing an entrepreneurial role. In this sense, many small-business owners would not be considered to be entrepreneurs. Individuals within organizations (i.e. non-founders) can be classified as entrepreneurs since they pursue the exploitation of opportunities. Thus intrepreneurship is appropriately considered to be a form of entrepreneurship. The concept of an entrepreneur is further refined when principles and terms from a business, managerial, and personal perspective are considered. In particular, the concept of entrepreneurship from a personal perspective has been thoroughly explored in this century. Third exploration is reflected in the following three definitions of an entrepreneur: In almost all of the definitions of entrepreneurship, there is agreement that we are talking about a kind of behavior that includes: initiative taking, the organizing and reorganising of social and economic mechanisms to turn resources and situations to practical account, and the acceptance of risk or failure. To an economist, an entrepreneur is one who brings resources, labor, materials, and other assets into combinations that make their value greater than before, and also one who introduces changes, innovations, and a new order. To a psychologist, certain forces typically drive such a person: the need to obtain or attain something, to experiment, to accomplis... ... being set up for such cases, but schools, colleges and universities all see this particular area of business as very promising and have began an extensive teaching programme, such courses available include, Law and Entrepreneur, Accountancy and Entrepreneurship. Although at the moment many individuals realise the potential of owning there own business, entrepreneurship is said to be a fad and will more than likely become dated in a way, possibly within the next ten years. However, the overall concept of entrepreneurship -according to Austrian Economist Joseph Schumpeter- is innovation (www.quickmba.com) as wealth is created when such innovation results in new demand. From this viewpoint one can define the function of the entrepreneur as one of combining various input factors in an innovative manner to generate value to the customer with the hope that this value will exceed the cost of the input factors, thus generating superior returns that result in the creation of wealth and this wealth also leads on to how entrepreneurial is an important area of focus because the wealth generated helps the economy, creating jobs, a better state and a better life for all of us.

Are We Too Risk-Conscious These Days? Essay

In these times, this generation has evolved into a congregation of high-skilled individuals. The ability to decide on the best routes of life just at the perfect time has its way to change one’s life into a miracle! Henceforth, making the right choices is one of the fundamentals to living in this urbanized contemporary. Although some people tend to make deciding between important commitments and hobbies seem easy; the same number of people deem this as lifetime risks as they sometimes result to serious failure. In my perspective, I would not overlook the fact that choosing between one’s most favored interests should be a quick decision; but not considering the pros and cons in this matter thoroughly would bring a terrible outcome. The question is, is all of this too dangerous? Or, are we just too risk-conscious nowadays? From the eyes of many, risk-taking should be the necessity to achieve success while not taking any would be the biggest risk in one’s life. Taking risks is the action of sacrificing what one has for success knowing that failure will still persist, should it be the wrong choice made at the right time or vice versa. Risks are apparently essential for growth. Without having to grab risks in life, one is basically escaping from the challenges and adventures that one needs to face in order for a better understanding to take place. Without risks, one simply cannot learn, feel, change, grow, love and live. As ironic as it sounds, the greatest hazard is to risk nothing as I have mentioned before. Not having to risk anything for a change would be boring and one will continuously regret for not approaching the chance to act on. Life would be sadly monotonous too if there were not any risks taken in one’s life. Besides, there is no wrong in facing most of the bad first then only the good – without pain, one will gain nothing. On another note, risk actually offers one an opportunity to open up to one’s true talents, interests, abilities and dreams. Risks help one grow by setting a more realistic goal than an impossible dream; they help one discover new things about oneself and the world. Also, risks aids in evading the things that are yet to come, running away from risk is identical to running away from life. Risk is something that will benefit one in the future. One should know that it is alright to fail as it only makes one stronger to confront new obstacles. Risk-taking is something that none can escape in their lifetime. Why not just go on all out and do it?

Human development Essay

Human development entails all means to widen man’s preferences so he could sustain a healthy lifestyle, enjoy human rights, experience the normal way of living, and discover ways to become useful for the service of others and for his own esteem. Similarly, he can enjoy living a contented life enjoying the privilege of having political, cultural, communal, and economical liberties. Human development has its own justification. If at some point one’s development is questioned or criticized or discriminated against, so long as one does not interfere with other people’s lives nor deprive them of their own happiness, one owes nobody an explanation for what he does, for who he is and how he has become. In order to pull off this human development, he may seek some channels to build up his entire being. Socialization can be one of those channels wherein such channel will give them a sense of being in the right place and eventually develop and become the right person they wanted to be. Socialization can never be done it is composed of only one person. You have to meet people who may share the same the interests, cultures, norms, ideals, talents, or other similar stuff that you can relate to. To develop fully as individual, one must discover his or her potentials and share them to others. Of course, socializing entails hardships in managing time and adjusting to a group of people. But then, if you love the group you are in or are interested of improving yourself, all these problems could not possibly overshadow your development as a human being. Man’s socialization skills therefore are essential in his development as a person. If he uses his socialization skills to the fullest, he may become unaware of the extent that his socialization skills would take him if developed. If he learns to discover and harness such, he will undoubtedly provide himself with a huge room to completely grow as a human being.

What does it all mean By Nagel

What does it all mean by Nagel is often referred to as the little book of philosophy amongst critics. This is because the book gives the reader a compact overview of all the fundamental constituents of philosophy such as the dualism of the mind and the body and more complex topics such as the meaning of the existence of man and his consciousness. The attribute that differentiates Nagel’s work from other works on introductions to philosophy and its content is that Nagel uses language that welcomes the new student of philosophy in to the subject. We see this book as one that allows the layman to acquire a basic knowledge of what to expect in further studies into philosophy (Nagel, 1987). The introductory chapter allows for a gentle entrance into the world of philosophy and welcomes the reader to the nature of questions that are to follow in the study of philosophy. In â€Å"How Do We Know Anything? † the second chapter, Nagel states that the world around us is the reality because we can study it and substantiate it, and similarly all the constituents of the world and all the theories are true only if they can be studied and substantiated for their content. In the third chapter â€Å"Other Minds†, Nagel is of the opinion that if one person finds a particular external stimulus pleasant, it is not reasonable to conclude that the next person receives the stimulus with the same interest since the only way for the first person to have come to a conclusion regarding the stimulus is through experiencing it In Chapter 4, ‘The Mind-Body Problem’, Nagel presents to the reader the direct union between the mind and the human consciousness and concludes that in order for consciousness to experience an event, the brain has to receive a stimulus. In Chapter 5, Nagel talks about the perceptions of the words we use and the names we give to the elements of the world around us and if the words we use are truly of any significance or not. In Chapter 6, Nagel argues upon the free will that we exercise and whether or not our will actually is independent and if it is of any actual significance. In Chapter 7, ‘Right and Wrong’, Nagel criticizes the definitions of right and wrong that man uses to manage the day to day activities of his life and questions the legitimacy of those definitions. In Chapter 8, ‘Justice’, Nagel argues upon the justice and inequality of the universe that man dwells in that is beyond the control of man himself. He argues whether it is correct to oppose the occurrence of events of such uncontrollable nature. Chapter 9 discusses the bleakness of Death and the perception that we have for it and the question of it really being that we believe it to be. In Chapter 10, ‘The Meaning of Life, Nagel hits on a chord that is the most sought after in all segments of society. Nagel argues over the reality of the meaning, existence and expectation of life. Nagel uses his trademark method of writing that inspires inquisition in the minds of the reader and allows the reader an opportunity to get a taste of the levels of realization that the subject has to offer and does so without confusing the reader through jargon.

Holden’s depression by J.D Salinger Essay

According to Psychiatric News the depression rate of a normal 16 year old is 11.5%. Holden Caulfield was apart of that 11.5% because he is disconnected with his family, is drinking heavily and is trying to experience sexual relations with older women. In Catcher in the Rye, J.D Salinger uses Holden’s interactions with his family, alcohol and sexuality to demonstrate his depression. This story describes that with Holden’s brother, Allie passing away it makes his depression rate go higher but lowers as he ‘talks’ to him. â€Å"I felt so depressed, you can’t even imagine. What I did, I started talking, sort of out loud to Allie,†(98) said Holden. This shows that whenever Holden would feel down and depressed that the only person to go to was his brother, Allie. This was a way of comfort for Holden throughout the story. There are more incidents when Holden felt depressed and just talked to his dead brother, Allie, which is Salinger’s way to demonstrate his depression. Alcohol demonstrates Holden’s depression also. â€Å"There isn’t any nightclub in the world you can sit in for a long time unless you can at least buy some liquor and get drunk of unless you’re with some girl that really knocks you out,† said Holden which describes that with the word usage of â€Å"at least buy some liquor and get drunk† meant that for him to have a good time he would need to be drunk to have fun. Also, the words â€Å"unless you’re with some girl that really knocks you out† explains that not just being drunk at a nightclub would make him enjoy himself but just having someone to talk to would also help to get rid of the loneliness. Being alone and needing someone to talk to, links back to Holden’s depression issues. Lastly, Holden is mostly saddened by his sexual relationships with older women. Holden’s quote â€Å"don’t you feel like talking for a while†(124) , lets the reader know that he is scared and doesn’t really want to have sex with Sunny and just needed someone to talk to. Holden wanted to keep the conversation going but could not because Sunny was a prostitute and was only there for the money, not for conversation. The words â€Å"don’t you feel like†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows that Holden is just asking questions, trying to prevent Sunny from doing her job or ignoring the real reason she was there. This shows that Holden only asked Maurice to send up a girl for him so he would have someone to talk to since he could not talk to his mom about his problems since she wasn’t around. As a result, he tries to connect with other older women instead. Salinger uses Holden’s attraction to older women to demonstrate the extent of his depression and need t o have someone to give a listening ear. Catcher in the Rye demonstrates Holden’s depression by J.D Salinger’s usage of his family, alcohol and sexuality. These quotes all show that his use of alcohol, sexual relationships and the lack of family all contributed to Holden’s depression. His is one of the many teenage depression cases that make up the 11.5% of the nation’s depression rate.

Plato's Dialogues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Plato's Dialogues - Essay Example Eventually, the son is taught the unjust speech which enabled them to get rid of the creditors. However, the son also does not spare his father but gives him a beating due to a disagreement on recitation of poetry and justifies his actions using sophistry. The father gets angry and burns the Thinkery as well as chasing students away for deceiving him. What is then the difference between Socrates of the cloud and Socrates of platonic dialogues? These two present Socrates as two different individuals or an individual having two personalities. In the clouds Aristophanes portrays Socrates as an intellectual man who teachers others especially the young how to make arguments. This is contrary to platonic dialogues and especially in his defense (on the Apology) where he argues that he is not a teacher thus there is no way he can corrupt the young. He argues that he is not a wise man as revealed in the oracle by his friend Chaerephon. This he says is because he knows nothing unlike the polit icians, poets and craftsmen. However, in the clouds Socrates is a knowledgeable man who has made a lot of discoveries. When Strepsiades visited the sophistry the student told him of how Socrates had discovered jumped by a flea, the cause of the buzzing noise by a gnat and also huge pair of compasses for measuring the land. Now he was engaged in discovering celestial bodies such as the sun. Besides, his work was to teach the young how to make arguments, in this case there are two types of arguments superior and inferior or just and unjust. Another difference between the Socrates of the cloud and Socrates of platonic ideas besides being a teacher is that in the clouds he is not against nature but following it. Aristophanes says that Socrates emerged in a balloon basket hanging mid-air. He was thus walking in the air to speculate about the sun. This he explained to Strepsiades helps him to suspend judgment and open the mind to new ideas. This shows that Socrates was interested in natur e thus following it to discover more. Furthermore, more of his students were bent on the earth trying to discover what lies underneath the earth thus he was trying to discover celestial bodies. No wonder he was accused of â€Å"studying all the things in the sky and below the earth and teaching the same things to others.† On the other hand, platonic dialogues though they do not deny his concern for natural science do not depict him as following nature either. Instead, he is portrayed as a critical and rational thinker depicted by the manner in which he asks questions and makes conclusions. When the oracle declared him as the wisest man of all he didn’t accept the situation there and then but set out to understand what being wise means by studying those people who considered themselves as wise such as politicians and poets. He discovered that he was indeed the wisest since those who consider themselves wise did not know what to be wise means but at least for him he did not pretend to know and the beginning of wisdom is accepting that we do not know and surely if the gods decided he was wise then he must be wise. He also engaged in questioning Euthyphro to discover what piety and impiety means. â€Å"Is it pious because the Gods love it, or do the Gods love it because it is pious†